A Definition Of Collaborative Learning English Language Essay

A Definition Of Collaborative Learning English Language Essay What is collaborative learning? This article looks at the definitions of collaborative learning and provides the reader with an overview of the definitions of collaborative learning, its various forms, and its goals, uses and scope vis-a-vis the traditional classroom and school system. It was midnight on a school night. I saw the light on in my 16 year olds room and went to tell him to go to sleep. His door was uncharacteristically open and I could hear animated voices from inside his room. I found him on Skype with a couple of friends. They were quizzing each other, working out numericals and clarifying each others concepts for a big physics test next morning. Have you worked on your homework math problems with a friend? Did you ever get together with peers in a group to understand a difficult theory in college? Did you ever brainstorm with other classmates on a school project? Weve all done collaborative learning at some stage of our lives; we just didnt know what to call it. The very dictionary definition of collaboration will tell us what collaborative learning means. The word collaboration brings together the Latin col- meaning with or together with the Latin labor or toil. For educationists, collaborative learning is a comprehensive term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together.1 How can teachers use Collaborative Learning? Collaborative Learning happens when students work together or are made to work together in pairs or groups: to understand or make meaning of a concept or text to create a solution for a problem (given in class or self-discovered) to explore a topic, a question, an area of knowledge to apply the principles learned in their curriculum to conceive of new ways to apply the knowledge they have learned in class to construct a tangible article or a physical object (for example, a report, a term-paper, a model volcano, a recycled-paper bag, a solar panel, an  electric  vehicle) out of the course-learning The above, of course, is an indicative and not a comprehensive list of the ways in which collaborative learning may be used by teachers. Forms of Collaborative Learning Many educators seem to confuse collaborative learning with the more structured approach of cooperative learning. Let us say that cooperative learning is a type of collaborative learning. The developers of cooperative learning models and strategies have laid out several specific components that teachers must control: a small, inter-dependent group determined by the teacher, face to face interaction, carefully structured activity leading to the accomplishment of a predetermined goal, individual accountability of every member of the group and a groups assessment and processing of its own work as a team.2 Other types of collaborative learning that may be used both inside and out of a classroom structure are discussions,  brainstorming  sessions, peer-teaching groups, workshops, team projects, group field-work, study groups, seminars, simulations, role-plays, case-studies etc. Collaborative learning, thus, can be specific, controlled and structured or it can be spontaneous, experiential and totally open-ended. Collaborative Learning in the traditional school system Of course, the traditional school system is at odds with the very spirit of collaborative learning. Schools, as they were conceived and as they are still administered, are essentially authoritarian constructs. Lectures are the preferred method of teaching and the formal physical, emotional and psychological set-up of the traditional classroom is confrontational. Teachers are still equated with discipline and consequences. They are the transmitters of knowledge and the evaluators of the students grasp of the information they have given to the students. They are the regulators of the competition that is encouraged between students through the assessments and recognition and rewards for individual achievement. Conversation is discouraged in traditional classrooms where learning is a solitary pursuit of an individual student faced with the information being given to him from the front of a classroom by a teacher who is the expert instructor. There are definitive syllabi for every subject with course content to be covered in a set period of time; there are lecture plans for every teaching hour and teachers are under pressure to ensure that their students have ingested the carefully planned and delivered information and are capable of regurgitating it as required during formal assessments. Memory is more important than assimilation. In collaborative learning, on the other hand, the process of learning is basically more important than what is learned. Students are taught, by hands-on experience, how to learn and not what to learn. When they learn, assimilation of the material is an absolute requirement as a student must take the material, absorb it, make it his own and then present it or teach it to others. Mere memorizing will not help the collaborative learner. Changing paradigms of an evolving system Collaborative learning, by its very definition, takes the power away from the teacher as guru and distributes that power among the students as self-sustaining, motivated learners who take ownership and responsibility of the entire process of leaning in an interactive, talking-to-each-other and engaged manner. The teacher becomes merely a facilitator, an expert designer of a students intellectual process and a mid-wife of a more emergent learning process.  3 The traditional us versus them power-structure of the traditional school is obviously not conducive to the mutual trust that is required for purely collaborative learning. It is also relevant to point out here that like teachers, students too have to be prepared to take on the challenges and opportunities offered by collaborative learning. I must emphasize that collaborative learning is a tool, just like other teaching methodologies. It is up to the school and the teacher to use this or another tool depending on the objective, the task, the group and the preparedness of the students. A group-discussion may enhance a lecture; it cannot and should not replace it until both teachers and students are ready for the complete shift to another paradigm. As more and more teachers change their classroom strategies and re-orient their relationship to the curriculum from the traditional transmission to transactions that lead to transformations in the personal and social relations of the student to his curriculum,the school system is also slowly evolving and accommodating itself to the more student-centered, process-oriented and non-competitive model that defines collaborative learning. End-Notes 1. Smith, BL and MacGregor, JT, What is Collaborative Learning? in Goodsell, Maher, Tinto, Smith MacGregors  Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education; National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning and Assessment; Pennsylvania State University: 1992. 2. David, Johnson Holubec.  Circles of Learning: Cooperation in the Classroom. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company 1990 3. Smith and MacGregor op.cit

Media Influences

When we as individuals have the desire to learn more about current events and the condition of the world it is only natural that we turn our focus towards the mediums that broadcast the information in which we are seeking. These information sources can be televisions, newspapers, magazines, and/or the most recent technological phenomenon, known as the internet. As of late, devices such as the television have been proven to be much more than just an amusement for many Americans.With awareness of the power that television possesses, it has arguably become a given that the content broadcasted through a television also possesses great influence. The media is becoming an ever more powerful force in shaping the world's perception of itself. An individual's struggle to develop, and maintain a unique identity and self-understanding apart from media's influence is steadily becoming increasingly difficult for the youths of today.When the people of the world absorb the many manifestations of th e media they believe they are simply viewing reality, but in actuality, the media often proves itself it to be the sole instigator of stereotypes, as well as the creator of adverse social problems that often plague our society. Personally, I believe in order to eliminate the stereotypes that the media generates the public must have a heightened awareness of both the existence of as well as the potential damage caused by these unrealistic and/or stereotypical images and messages we are bombarded with daily.Unfortunately, and just as it was discussed in the ‘Killing Us Softly’ video, these detrimental messages are difficult to fight and to even identify effectively because of the ways in which they are â€Å"wholesomely† or â€Å"harmlessly† presented via advertising. Overwhelming amounts of time and money are devoted to raising a small, specially selected portion of the population as models of physical perfection – and ‘Killing Us Softlyâ€℠¢ creator Jean Kilbourne exclaims, â€Å"These body types practically do not exist! For the most part, the types of people we see in the media are television and movie celebrities, fashion models, and sports figures. It is one thing to be acknowledged for one’s achievements, but the issue lies in that the glamorous ways in which these occupations are portrayed by the media are seemingly impossible to separate from the physical appearance of the people who hold them.The glamour that surrounds the media presentation of the lives and careers of these individuals extends, not surprisingly, to the clothes that they wear and the way that they look. One example solidifying this would be the fact that many celebrities, like Jennifer Lopez and Paris Hilton, create their own clothing and perfume merchandise lines, and both are prospering due to the constant bombardment of self improvement that television urges teenagers to make.In fact, so much attention is given to celebrity appearan ces that entire television programs are devoted to little else but visual exploitation of celebrity clothing, and their tangible products of their latest fad workouts – so we too, as common folk can also aspire to be the dangerously skinny, 6’2’’, 97 pound beauty with the flawless skin and natural stage presence†¦achieving such characteristics is no sweat, right?The media presentation of the celebrity body has a single unifying image, regardless of the specific job title of a given celebrity. It can be argued that, because the media portrays celebrities' bodies as attractive, desirable, and â€Å"good,† they become national symbols of these characteristics. On the contrary, bodies that do not meet this lofty goal frequently are, consciously or unconsciously, regarded as â€Å"bad† or ugly. Consider the ‘successfully’ popular advertising campaign used by Subway, the national fast food sandwich chain. Jared,† the  "star† of the recent number of television commercials, supposedly lost hundreds of pounds while on a diet consisting mainly of the chain's sandwiches. Jared's â€Å"before† pictures show him considerably larger than his current size, but they also show him alone, with no friends or family. In stark contrast, however, his â€Å"after† action shots consistently show him not only thinner, but also constantly in the presence of a beautiful woman. Although this is not always the case,) the advertising message here is clear and simple: being fat/not part of the 1% of the population that most models’ bodies fall into is considered to be the equivalent and/or predictor of one’s life being bad, ugly, unhappy and lonely; while being thin/having no source of natural body fat leaves one happy and with attractive partner. Through these commercials, Jared has assumed celebrity status, solely on the basis that his body has changed to approximate more closely to th e current standard of what the media considers to be attractive.In truth, there is a huge difference between the male and female body types glorified in the media and those of the public at large. For women, â€Å"desirable† physical characteristics (as they are portrayed in the media) include being thin, long-legged, slim-hipped, and large-breasted. In addition, the media-portrayed â€Å"desirable† physical characteristics for men include being muscular and possessing a full head of hair. While this has been the normal projection of a â€Å"desirable† man for decades, in some cases this desirable form has also been altered to an extreme (much like the unrealistic physical expectations of women. Just like the counterpart Barbie dolls, G. I Joe has evolved into a highly influential and popular action figure that displays levels of muscularity far exceeding the outer limits of actual human attainment. Thus, the unrealistic evolution of both Barbie and G. I Joe may seem insignificant, but in truth it reflects an ever changing and demanding projection of the human body that has been fabricated by none other than, the mass media.In the gap between what is absolutely beautiful in the eyes of the media and the physical reality of the popular majority, it seems as though nearly everyone, at some point in his or her life attempts to alter him- or herself in a physical way, in order to conform more closely to the marketed â€Å"norm† of attractiveness and desirability. Television, magazines, and newspapers are filled with advertisements promoting self-loathing attitudes, while offering â€Å"miracle,† and body-altering â€Å"cures. The body that does not conform to a sexy, sleek stereotype becomes a thing to be hated, improved upon, and generally tortured into submission. Again, in the video we watched, media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, â€Å"Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight. † Ultimately, the unachievable presentation of the human body in the media leads to many outlets that can harm/distort the average human being’s perception of themselves.The changes a person must make in order to become what the media considers to be beautiful leads to many problems such as: disordered eating, including anorexia, bulimia, over-exercising, excessive dieting, and over-anxiety over food (just to name a few. ) While most of the population recovering from disordered eating is still predominately composed of women, the number of men with disordered and dangerous eating habits as well as distorted body images is reportedly on the rise.In addition to inevitable physical damage, intangible psychological harm results from body image problems to which the media contributes greatly and regularly. The perception that a single, narrow range of body types is acceptable and healthy for men an d women is not only in error, but contributes to widespread social discontent. Instead of celebrating the diversity and beauty of the human form, the media stifles our desire to feel comfortable with ourselves.

Is Brass a Solution

Is brass a solution or just a mixture? Here is a look at brass and other alloys in terms of chemicals solutions and mixtures. What Is Brass? Brass is an alloy made primarily of copper, usually with zinc. Alloys in general may be solid solutions or they simply be mixtures. Whether brass or another alloy is a mixture depends on the size and homogeneity of the crystals in the solid. Usually you can think of brass as a solid solution consisting of zinc and other metals (solutes) dissolved in copper (solvent). Some brasses are homogeneous and consist of a single phase (such as alpha brasses), so the brass meets all of the criteria of a solution. In other types of brass, the elements may crystallize in the brass, giving you an alloy that meets the criteria of a mixture.

Conflict Diamonds - 1098 Words

Attempt Any Two Of the following ( 60 Marks - 30 Marks each ) | | Case 1 | Conflict Diamonds | | | During the late 1990s South African diamond product De Beers and other companies on the diamond industry discovered that some of the diamonds they were buying or selling came from groups who used the proceeds to finance brutal civil wars. In Sierra Leone, rebels took control of diamond mines by systematically chopping off the arms and hands of as many as 20,000 children, women and men until the diamond operations were turned over to them. Similarly events took place at diamond mines in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. About 4 million civilians have died in the civil wars financed by the diamonds. Anxious to avoid a†¦show more content†¦All other shoe makers ( Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Fila, Saucony) moved their plants overseas where labor is cheaper. With 10 percent of the market and revenues of $1.2 billion New Balance is committed to hiring US workers and keeping its five US factories going by using technology tight team work, fast delivery and close communication to keep costs near the level of the cheap Asian factories that make all its competitors shoes . Although it too has factories in Asia and Mexico, New Balance has continued expanding its US workforce. But in the 1990s the Federal Trace Commission (FTC) which regulates advertising clamped down on New Balance saying the â€Å"Made in USA† label cannot be used unless all or virtually all (98 percent) of the components and labor are of US origin. New Balance shoes contain rubber ( 25 percent of shoe) not of US origin because rubber is not grown in the United States. When New Balance complained that its shoes were the only ones still 100 percent assembled in the United State by the US workers out of all US parts except for rubber, which is impossible to source in the United States the FTC backed down, ruling that â€Å"Made in the USA† meant at-least 75 percent US parts an d labor. But labor unions, consumer groups and 150 members of congress attacked the ruling saying it made the label deceptive because it should mean 100 percent US content. DarleneShow MoreRelatedThe Diamond And Conflict Diamond1482 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Blood Diamond or Conflict Diamond another term used to describe the illegal trade of diamond in Africa. The Blood Diamond is been used to finance conflicts, wars and humans rights violations. The Conflict exists for many years, profits have been made from the illegal trade of diamonds, Rebels and warlords use the diamonds to buy arms. There are many countries involved in the illicit trading the blood diamond, Sierra Leone, Republic of Congo, Liberia, and Angola. This assignment is aboutRead MoreEssay Conflict Diamonds782 Words   |  4 Pages1. What are conflict diamonds? What groups benefited from the trade in conflict diamonds? What groups were hurt by it? As defined in the case study, conflict diamonds are gemstones that are mined or stolen by rebels fighting internationally recognized governments. Any of the anti-government/rebel forces/guerrilla troops/or other nonconformist groups within the areas of question or which could fall into this category or situation. The case study points out two groups who benefited the most underRead MoreConflict Diamonds Essay2201 Words   |  9 Pagesit so desperately deserves. The purpose of blood diamonds is simple; they’re used as currency to buy warring factions and warlords armaments and fuel civil wars in unstable countries as well as continued guerrilla tyranny throughout countries like Angola and more famously Sierra Leone. When addressing the issue of blood diamonds mined from Sierra Leone, understanding the country’s geography, civil and political aspects are crucial. Blood diamonds often have a misconstrued meaning, and the definitionRead MoreThe War on Conflict Diamonds Ess ay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Diamonds are forever† it is often said. â€Å"But lives are not†, says Martin Chungong Ayafor, Chairman of the Sierra Leone Panel of Experts, â€Å"We must spare people the ordeal of war, mutilations and death for the sake of conflict diamonds.† (United Nations 2). This is a very powerful quote from someone who has and is experiencing (Gerund) firsthand the gruesome terror of the conflict over diamonds in Africa. This war has started because of the greed for money and power in the abundant diamond industryRead MoreConflicts Between Conflict Diamond Trade1531 Words   |  7 PagesSouthern Africa today. This issue deals with conflict diamond trade, which is the trade of diamonds in which the conditions for the miners had been extremely poor, and as well, the profit gathered is usually taken into the funding of illegal activities in the area, such as funding rebel movements. Being in the 21st century, this should not be allowed by the general public, and there were actions taken by different organisations to attempt to stop the conflict diamond trade. However, up until today, theyRead MoreThe Conflict Diamonds Of Sierra Leone1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe conflict diamonds started to be present and problematic in Sierra Leone as soon as DeBeers mining company took control of all diamond prospects throughout this region. Although DeBeers was keeping a moderate watch on the trading and actions being taken through it, traders from Lebanon (bordered by Syria and Israel to the south) were able to easily smuggle and mine diamonds out through the company. Later towards the 1950s, countries, such as Sierra Leone, had to give up the chance of regulatingRead More Preventing the export of conflict diamonds in the Democratic Republic of the Congo4642 Words   |  19 PagesPreventing the export of conflict diamonds in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has large reserves of cobalt, gold, gems, copper, timber, and uranium. However, the most valuable resource that the DRC possess is its large reserve of diamonds. Diamonds essentially serve as a pillar to the DRC’s struggling economy. Plagued by civil unrest, the DRC is desperately trying to stabilize its economy. Their efforts have been met with stiff resistance due toRead More Blood Diamonds: The Conflict in Sierra Leone Essay3259 Words   |  14 PagesBlood Diamonds: The Conflict in Sierra Leone History of Diamonds: The name diamond comes from the Greek word, adamas meaning unconquerable. Fittingly diamonds are made of pure carbon, and diamonds are the hardest natural substance known to man.[1] Diamonds have long been a sign of wealth and fortune. Kings and queens have worn these forms of concentrated carbon and even more countless millions people over time have lusted after them. These gems can be transparent, truculentRead MoreConflict Diamonds1086 Words   |  5 PagesMarks - 30 Marks each ) | | Case 1 | Conflict Diamonds | | | During the late 1990s South African diamond product De Beers and other companies on the diamond industry discovered that some of the diamonds they were buying or selling came from groups who used the proceeds to finance brutal civil wars. In Sierra Leone, rebels took control of diamond mines by systematically chopping off the arms and hands of as many as 20,000 children, women and men until the diamond operations were turned over to themRead MoreDiamonds, The Embodiment Of Esteem And Romance1601 Words   |  7 PagesDiamonds, the embodiment of esteem and romance. Millions of years ago, high temperatures and pressure in earth s mantle gave birth to a dazzling gem, a gem that would be loved and adored by many people. It would be put on ornaments and crowns, become the center piece of many jewelry, become the highest symbol of esteem, and even be compared to the stars. People would spend entire paychecks, even a month s, or a year s worth of salary, on trying to acquire it. And in today s world, it s even

Lincoln, Race, And The Spirit Of The 76 - 1247 Words

President Abraham Lincoln was put into office March 4, 1861, and this would be the start of a significant change for America. Many people see Lincoln as one of the best presidents that was in office for America, but others have opposing views on how he was not the best president in office. In Lucas E. Morel’s, â€Å"Lincoln, Race, and the Spirit of ‘76†, he expresses, â€Å"Many people who consider Abraham Lincoln the greatest American president would be surprised to discover that he endorsed black colonizations, did not promote civil and political equality for blacks in the free state of Illinois† (3). By having Lucas E. Morel expressing that, â€Å"endorsed black colonizations† and â€Å"not promote civil and political equality† shows two ways of how Lincoln was great, but at the same time was not. If Lincoln allowed black colonizations he would demonstrate equality for them, since the freed slaves are still not being treated well. On the po sitive side, Lincoln was still able to make slaves independent in America which shows how Lincoln affected slavery. As one can see,, Lincoln does not correspond with slavery since he does not see it as a justified act. At the moment in America, human equality was not justified because of slavery. Lincoln wanted to make a change in America and wanted to make sure human equality was justified. In Lucas E. Morel’s, Lincoln, Race, and the Spirit of ‘76, he indicates that, â€Å"Lincoln saw this repudiation of human equality as the greatest threat to preservingShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1728 Words   |  7 Pagesplantations. Even though it was a struggle for the north, and the slaves, but not for the south since it was a benefit for them. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was put into the Presidential office and would have a major impact on our nation by affecting slavery forever. One of the major conflicts in America s rise as a nation was slavery. President Abraham Lincoln started to be concerned about the direction of slavery in America, and was determined to abolish it forever. Slavery was a negative and positiveRead MoreLincoln-Douglas Debate Essay examples1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthat takes place in history arguably leaves an effect that lasts much longer than just the initial outcome. The Lincoln Douglas Debates are by far one of the truest examples of this happening. The seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas that took place in 1858 had extreme importance in Illinois that created effects that decided the presidential election of 1860. The Lincoln Douglas debates were a series of several debates that took place all over the state of Illinois. In these debatesRead MoreThe Freedom Of The United States Of America1628 Words   |  7 Pagestheir country’s politics are able to cancel out the knowledgeable voter on a whim. Americans are getting increasingly dissatisfied with the direction their country is headed right now. Gallup published a poll on September 12, 2014 which found that 76% in America are dissatisfied with the direction the country is headed in; with roughly 45% stating they are very dissatisfied (Saad). Hardly anyone is ever really satisfied with their country, but the trend of extreme dissatisfaction has been aroundRead MoreEssay about Sukmynuts3542 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Was not Christ crucified?† meant that Christ have been sacrificed for all people’s sins which would include his own mistakes. 2. The reasons Turner give for other slaves joining his rebellion is he said the Holy Ghost is with him and that the Spirit talked to him for this rebellion. He told others that God is on his side to help him. Chapter 12 An Age of Reform, 1820-1840 70. Robert Owen, â€Å"The First Discourse on a New System of Society† 1. Owen sees that the power of one man willRead MoreVoice of Freedom Notes Essay2481 Words   |  10 Pagesto examples of freedom around the world. He also condemned slavery as a violation of American values and a shame. The speech was an example of American Nationalism and the limits of American Freedom after the Revolution. 44. Thomas Jefferson on Race and Slavery. Jefferson shares his view on slavery. Jefferson obviously seems torn on the subject. He questions whether blacks should be considered inferior but in the end he finds this innate. He comes to a conclusion where he believes they shouldRead MoreThe Issue of Overcoming Racial Inequality in the United States2632 Words   |  11 Pagespeople by the people for the people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lincoln). But who is actually granted the privileges of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† and who is subjected to inferior treatment (US Declaration Ind.)? Just the color of one’s skin could grant a state of opportunity or a state of slavery. The racism that exists against black people, Native Americans, or illegal immigrants might appear absurd to some, but assigning people to a lower social class based on race has had a profound impact on the historyRead More Pocahontas and the Mythical Indian Woman Essay5406 Words   |  22 Pageshealers but while they keep their positions as saviors of men, Indian women are illustrated saving Indian men rather than white males. Whereas the Indian women previously saved white men from the savages of their own tribe, they are now saving their own race from the destruction of the white world. Native women healing sick Indian men recurs as a common theme throughout multiple Native novels. Furthermore, it is generally the men who are spiritually or mentally sick: few emotionally ill women are portrayedRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 PagesSome Highlights 5 Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare 5 Two European Russians: Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Soloviev 9 Reflections on Humor from Nietzsche to the Theatre of the Absurd 12 Humor and Wisdom in the United States: Lincoln, Beecher, Twain, Sandburg, and Buchwald 17 From The Times (of London) obituary on him (January 19, 2007) that mentioned his â€Å"wit and wisdom† in its title, available at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1294342.ece. 24 HumorRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 PagesColonial America was defined by a severe labor shortage that gave birth to forms of unfree labor such as slavery and indentured servitude,[17] and by a British policy of benign neglect (salutary neglect) that permitted the development of an American spirit distinct from that of its European founders.[18] Over half of all European migrants to Colonial America arrived as indentured servants.[19] The first successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. It languishedRead MoreEssay on The Glory and The Dream9497 Words   |  38 Pagesclaims that there were large numbers of Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the United States federal government and elsewhere. 3. What issue did McCarthy use to get national attention? a. On February 9th, 1950, McCarthy gave a Lincoln Day speech and he used communism in the US to get national attention. McCarthy named people he believed to be Communists without any proof or evidence, however Americans believed he was acting in the best interests of America, in fact 50 percent of

Permanent Establishment Free Essays

The concept of permanent establishment (PE) in tax jurisdiction is changing as a result of digital innovations in international business. For a country like Nigeria, permanent establishment allows the country to tax the income or profit of foreign companies with a fixed place or physical presence in the country for 183 days or 12 months. But digital businesses do not need a fixed place or maintain a physical presence in the country before they can make a profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Permanent Establishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now They do not necessarily need to have an office, a factory, or a workshop in Nigeria before generating a stable income from the country. Examples of digital businesses that make income from Nigeria include GoDaddy.Com, Amazon.Com, Ebay.Com, etc. These companies do not have a fixed place of operation in Nigeria but generate income through digital presence in the country. This puts to test the concept of a permanent establishment in Nigerian tax jurisdiction. To understand the nature of permanent establishment in a digital economy, there is a need to investigate taxation jurisdiction on digital business from the angle of a developing country such as Nigeria. This study will be guided by the following objectives:Examine the principle of permanent establishment as expounded in the United Nations (UN) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model;Discuss the impact of digital business on the concept of a permanent establishment? Explore the possibility for a source state, such as Nigeria, to tax incomes generated by web platforms (i.e. Google or Facebook);Identify and discuss the challenges faced by the Nigerian government in getting taxes from companies who operate in the digital economy;Use the new definition of a permanent establishment in Italy to analyze tax jurisdiction on digital business in Nigeria. This study will adopt qualitative research method of legal research, analyze the concept of permanent establishment as a framework for tax jurisdiction on digital business in Nigeria. Primary documents such as the Nigerian tax laws (including the Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement), the Italian tax laws (Conventions to Avoid Double Taxation), the UN Model Double Taxation Convention, the OECD Model and other documents that are relevant will be explored in the study. Secondary source materials covering monographs, journal articles, magazines, books, movies, textbooks, long essays, dissertations, and theses will equally be explored to analyze tax jurisdiction in digital business in Nigeria. Content analysis will be used to study legal decisions relating to the permanent establishment and digital business in Nigeria. How to cite Permanent Establishment, Papers

Active and Empathetic Listening Listen Up! free essay sample

There are a multitude of situations where active and empathetic listening strategies can be applied in order to improve mutual understanding and respect, such as in interviews, business meetings, hostage negotiations, personal disputes, as well as in therapy.   In order to effectively utilize these strategies it is vital that both parties seek to gain more understanding of the interaction. For example, if you are applying for a job and the person interviewing you is explaining what your responsibilities would be, it would be to your benefit to allow him or her to finish their description before interrupting with a question.   If you make eye contact and nod your head when you agree with the person this also shows that you are following what they are saying (Salem).   This is an effective use of silence in your communications repertoire and it demonstrates respect for the person that is taking the time to discuss the job with you. We will write a custom essay sample on Active and Empathetic Listening: Listen Up! or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, if your goal is to get the job it would be to your benefit to demonstrate your ability to hold a professional and productive conversation with people that you may not personally know.   In this way, if you are an active and empathetic listener, the employer will have confidence in you as a potential representative for that particular organization.   These techniques will build trust and collaboration and in turn that person will be more likely to extend to you the same courtesy in the future – all of which will help progress your communication goals in the future.