Lincoln, Race, And The Spirit Of The 76 - 1247 Words

President Abraham Lincoln was put into office March 4, 1861, and this would be the start of a significant change for America. Many people see Lincoln as one of the best presidents that was in office for America, but others have opposing views on how he was not the best president in office. In Lucas E. Morel’s, â€Å"Lincoln, Race, and the Spirit of ‘76†, he expresses, â€Å"Many people who consider Abraham Lincoln the greatest American president would be surprised to discover that he endorsed black colonizations, did not promote civil and political equality for blacks in the free state of Illinois† (3). By having Lucas E. Morel expressing that, â€Å"endorsed black colonizations† and â€Å"not promote civil and political equality† shows two ways of how Lincoln was great, but at the same time was not. If Lincoln allowed black colonizations he would demonstrate equality for them, since the freed slaves are still not being treated well. On the po sitive side, Lincoln was still able to make slaves independent in America which shows how Lincoln affected slavery. As one can see,, Lincoln does not correspond with slavery since he does not see it as a justified act. At the moment in America, human equality was not justified because of slavery. Lincoln wanted to make a change in America and wanted to make sure human equality was justified. In Lucas E. Morel’s, Lincoln, Race, and the Spirit of ‘76, he indicates that, â€Å"Lincoln saw this repudiation of human equality as the greatest threat to preservingShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1728 Words   |  7 Pagesplantations. Even though it was a struggle for the north, and the slaves, but not for the south since it was a benefit for them. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was put into the Presidential office and would have a major impact on our nation by affecting slavery forever. One of the major conflicts in America s rise as a nation was slavery. President Abraham Lincoln started to be concerned about the direction of slavery in America, and was determined to abolish it forever. Slavery was a negative and positiveRead MoreLincoln-Douglas Debate Essay examples1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthat takes place in history arguably leaves an effect that lasts much longer than just the initial outcome. The Lincoln Douglas Debates are by far one of the truest examples of this happening. The seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas that took place in 1858 had extreme importance in Illinois that created effects that decided the presidential election of 1860. The Lincoln Douglas debates were a series of several debates that took place all over the state of Illinois. In these debatesRead MoreThe Freedom Of The United States Of America1628 Words   |  7 Pagestheir country’s politics are able to cancel out the knowledgeable voter on a whim. Americans are getting increasingly dissatisfied with the direction their country is headed right now. Gallup published a poll on September 12, 2014 which found that 76% in America are dissatisfied with the direction the country is headed in; with roughly 45% stating they are very dissatisfied (Saad). Hardly anyone is ever really satisfied with their country, but the trend of extreme dissatisfaction has been aroundRead MoreEssay about Sukmynuts3542 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Was not Christ crucified?† meant that Christ have been sacrificed for all people’s sins which would include his own mistakes. 2. The reasons Turner give for other slaves joining his rebellion is he said the Holy Ghost is with him and that the Spirit talked to him for this rebellion. He told others that God is on his side to help him. Chapter 12 An Age of Reform, 1820-1840 70. Robert Owen, â€Å"The First Discourse on a New System of Society† 1. Owen sees that the power of one man willRead MoreVoice of Freedom Notes Essay2481 Words   |  10 Pagesto examples of freedom around the world. He also condemned slavery as a violation of American values and a shame. The speech was an example of American Nationalism and the limits of American Freedom after the Revolution. 44. Thomas Jefferson on Race and Slavery. Jefferson shares his view on slavery. Jefferson obviously seems torn on the subject. He questions whether blacks should be considered inferior but in the end he finds this innate. He comes to a conclusion where he believes they shouldRead MoreThe Issue of Overcoming Racial Inequality in the United States2632 Words   |  11 Pagespeople by the people for the people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lincoln). But who is actually granted the privileges of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† and who is subjected to inferior treatment (US Declaration Ind.)? Just the color of one’s skin could grant a state of opportunity or a state of slavery. The racism that exists against black people, Native Americans, or illegal immigrants might appear absurd to some, but assigning people to a lower social class based on race has had a profound impact on the historyRead More Pocahontas and the Mythical Indian Woman Essay5406 Words   |  22 Pageshealers but while they keep their positions as saviors of men, Indian women are illustrated saving Indian men rather than white males. Whereas the Indian women previously saved white men from the savages of their own tribe, they are now saving their own race from the destruction of the white world. Native women healing sick Indian men recurs as a common theme throughout multiple Native novels. Furthermore, it is generally the men who are spiritually or mentally sick: few emotionally ill women are portrayedRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 PagesSome Highlights 5 Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare 5 Two European Russians: Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Soloviev 9 Reflections on Humor from Nietzsche to the Theatre of the Absurd 12 Humor and Wisdom in the United States: Lincoln, Beecher, Twain, Sandburg, and Buchwald 17 From The Times (of London) obituary on him (January 19, 2007) that mentioned his â€Å"wit and wisdom† in its title, available at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article1294342.ece. 24 HumorRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 PagesColonial America was defined by a severe labor shortage that gave birth to forms of unfree labor such as slavery and indentured servitude,[17] and by a British policy of benign neglect (salutary neglect) that permitted the development of an American spirit distinct from that of its European founders.[18] Over half of all European migrants to Colonial America arrived as indentured servants.[19] The first successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. It languishedRead MoreEssay on The Glory and The Dream9497 Words   |  38 Pagesclaims that there were large numbers of Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the United States federal government and elsewhere. 3. What issue did McCarthy use to get national attention? a. On February 9th, 1950, McCarthy gave a Lincoln Day speech and he used communism in the US to get national attention. McCarthy named people he believed to be Communists without any proof or evidence, however Americans believed he was acting in the best interests of America, in fact 50 percent of

Permanent Establishment Free Essays

The concept of permanent establishment (PE) in tax jurisdiction is changing as a result of digital innovations in international business. For a country like Nigeria, permanent establishment allows the country to tax the income or profit of foreign companies with a fixed place or physical presence in the country for 183 days or 12 months. But digital businesses do not need a fixed place or maintain a physical presence in the country before they can make a profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Permanent Establishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now They do not necessarily need to have an office, a factory, or a workshop in Nigeria before generating a stable income from the country. Examples of digital businesses that make income from Nigeria include GoDaddy.Com, Amazon.Com, Ebay.Com, etc. These companies do not have a fixed place of operation in Nigeria but generate income through digital presence in the country. This puts to test the concept of a permanent establishment in Nigerian tax jurisdiction. To understand the nature of permanent establishment in a digital economy, there is a need to investigate taxation jurisdiction on digital business from the angle of a developing country such as Nigeria. This study will be guided by the following objectives:Examine the principle of permanent establishment as expounded in the United Nations (UN) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model;Discuss the impact of digital business on the concept of a permanent establishment? Explore the possibility for a source state, such as Nigeria, to tax incomes generated by web platforms (i.e. Google or Facebook);Identify and discuss the challenges faced by the Nigerian government in getting taxes from companies who operate in the digital economy;Use the new definition of a permanent establishment in Italy to analyze tax jurisdiction on digital business in Nigeria. This study will adopt qualitative research method of legal research, analyze the concept of permanent establishment as a framework for tax jurisdiction on digital business in Nigeria. Primary documents such as the Nigerian tax laws (including the Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement), the Italian tax laws (Conventions to Avoid Double Taxation), the UN Model Double Taxation Convention, the OECD Model and other documents that are relevant will be explored in the study. Secondary source materials covering monographs, journal articles, magazines, books, movies, textbooks, long essays, dissertations, and theses will equally be explored to analyze tax jurisdiction in digital business in Nigeria. Content analysis will be used to study legal decisions relating to the permanent establishment and digital business in Nigeria. How to cite Permanent Establishment, Papers

Active and Empathetic Listening Listen Up! free essay sample

There are a multitude of situations where active and empathetic listening strategies can be applied in order to improve mutual understanding and respect, such as in interviews, business meetings, hostage negotiations, personal disputes, as well as in therapy.   In order to effectively utilize these strategies it is vital that both parties seek to gain more understanding of the interaction. For example, if you are applying for a job and the person interviewing you is explaining what your responsibilities would be, it would be to your benefit to allow him or her to finish their description before interrupting with a question.   If you make eye contact and nod your head when you agree with the person this also shows that you are following what they are saying (Salem).   This is an effective use of silence in your communications repertoire and it demonstrates respect for the person that is taking the time to discuss the job with you. We will write a custom essay sample on Active and Empathetic Listening: Listen Up! or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, if your goal is to get the job it would be to your benefit to demonstrate your ability to hold a professional and productive conversation with people that you may not personally know.   In this way, if you are an active and empathetic listener, the employer will have confidence in you as a potential representative for that particular organization.   These techniques will build trust and collaboration and in turn that person will be more likely to extend to you the same courtesy in the future – all of which will help progress your communication goals in the future.

Steven Spielberg Biography Essays - English-language Films, Jaws

Steven Spielberg Biography Rob Martinelle American Literature C Block Research Paper: Final Draft 18 May, 1999 Steven Spielberg: Revolutionary and Visionary Who would have thought that a brilliant career in filmmaking could have originated with a modest jar of Skippy Peanut Butter smeared on a neighbor's window in a tiny Cincinnati suburb? One might not think that such an average boyhood prank could evolve a boy into a man who would become the most financially successful film director in history. Well, that is exactly where Leah Spielberg, Steven Spielberg's mother, would trace her son's initial entry into becoming one of our nation's most creative storytellers. ?His badness was so original,? she recalls (Stein 3). Steven Spielberg, the only child of Leah and Arnold Spielberg, was born on December 18, 1946 at the beginning of the Baby Boom years in Cincinnati, Ohio. It does not take a great stretch of the imagination to see that Steven's film influences were derived from his father's experience as a World War II veteran and computer technician and his mother's past profession as a concert pianist. The love and amount of technology, history, and music within Steven's films can all be traced back to his early life with his family. While many men returning from war never want to reiterate their experiences, Steven's father seemed to be an exception. Steven said of his father, ? he intoxicated me with bedtime stories about the war. His stories were like the war movies I was watching on television, all worthy of cameo appearances by John Wayne? (Stein 1). It is no wonder that at the age of twelve Steven's first film, Fighter Squad, was filmed on a WWII fighter plane (Corliss 79). However, when Steven was unable to find certain props or realistic backdrops, he simulated dogfights and plane crashes by editing in footage from a WWII documentary. Only a year later, in 1960, he featured the war family Jeep in his second film, Escape to Nowhere, which was an action picture in which GIs invaded a Nazi hideout in the Libyan Desert. Since his family had moved to Arizona in 1960, the Arizona desert near his house would easily replicate the simulation of the Libyan Desert. It is clear that Steven's love and knowledge of vis ual effects began many years before his creation of a mechanical great white shark in 1975. There have been many incidents throughout Steven's childhood that have made it into his films. At the age of six, Steven's father awoke him to witness a meteor shower in the middle of the night (Stein 2). In time this event would also find its way into his 1977 film, Close Encounters of the Third Kind. The grin of a clown, a deadly tree outside a window, and being afraid at night, all out of 1982's Poltergeist, were all born out of Steven's real childhood phobias (5). Influence for films such as 1993's Academy Award winning drama/documentary Schindler's List could be attributed Steven growing up in a Jewish family. Steven has recalled that during his days in school he felt discriminated from others for being apart of the only Jewish family within the whole community (Graham 530). During the Christmas season, he would be embarrassed that his family's house would be the only one without lights or decorations. When his father offered to place a menorah in the window, Steven responded, ?No!?People will think we're Jewish? (Graham 528). Steven has claimed to have learned his numbers as a toddler with the help of a concentration camp survivor who pointed out the numerals tattooed on his arm. However, it was at high school, where he was first exposed to anti-Semitic behavior. He would suffer verbal and sometimes physical abuse from other students. Making movies was definitely an escape for Steven who told the New York Post, ?I enjoy the sense of being transported and no longer thinking anyone is in the audience? (529). ?Nearly three years after finishing Escape to Nowhere, he made his first feature-length film Firelight. It was a two-and-a-half-hour science fiction epic about an investigation of mysterious lights in the sky. However, it was also a look at a rocky marriage. Could the couple within the film have been Arnold and Leah who

homework essays

homework essays Needless to say Providence on average assigns the most homework in CMS. Reasonable speaking how much homework should a high school student have? One hours worth, two? Or none at all? Granted we as students need some work outside of the classroom to reinforce what we have learned, but come when is enough, enough? From experience we all know that each teacher believes his or her class is the most important one at school, they believe each student has at least 45 minutes each night to work on assignments from their class. That fact alone sounds very reasonable but what teachers fail to realize is that with more than 200 other teachers at Providence believing the same way, it adds up. I, myself a rather efficient worker, have many nights where I have more than 2 Â ½ hours of work. Now is so much work really needed? Maybe if teachers used their 90 minutes every other day more effectively we would have less work to do at home. Dont get me wrong I am not an advocate for the abolition of homework, but the reduction of. Now for those who say, The more work the student receives the better he or she will do, just look at the test scores- dad. I beg to differ!. Now there is no reasonable correlation between the amount of homework assigned and student performance. For example, I have friends who attend other schools who make good grades but consistently report having no homework ever. One can not take that literally but can take it to mean that their work load is by far less than that of Providence students, or in other words average. I do agree that Providence annually has unsurpassed test scores, in CMS, there is no arguing that fact. But one needs only to look at Providences population pool. Research has shown that children perform better academically when they live with both parents, and in middle class or above homes. Now take some time to think about Providence an ...

An Assessment of Heroism in the Characters of Gawain and Beowulf

An Assessment of Heroism in the Characters of Gawain and Beowulf Who is more heroic: Gawain or Beowulf? Hero (n): a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities (Merriam-Webster.com). While deciphering the true meaning of heroism for a few minutes something stopped me. In general opinion, most readers would consider Beowulf more heroic. And, according to the pattern of literature, film, and storytelling Beowulf is more heroic. But truly, it depends on which context you are viewing this upon. If we were to read the two stories in the Anglo-Saxon era, of which took place from 410 – 1066 AD, we could all agree Beowulf is the true hero. He fought off two monsters and a dragon among other beasts. When he fought Grendel he proclaimed, â€Å"it won’t be a cutting edge I’ll wield to mow him down, easily as I might†¦ He has no idea of the arts of war, of shield or sword-play, although he does possess a wild strength† (Greenblatt, 55). He acknowledges the pure strength of Grendel, and declares he will fight him without weapons because that is the just thing to do. He wants to be fair and square. A cowardly or even just average person would use any advantage to best the monster, but Beowulf has a true inner-courage, incomparable to anyone else in existence. He won battles nobody else could. Gawain had one battle to fight. He only volunteered because nobody else would except for his king, and he kept the â€Å"magical girdle† instead of show ing up as he promised to (giving the green knight a fair blow to his neck). He was fearful, where Beowulf was not. Beowulf fought bare-handedly when he didn’t even have to. So, physically or externally Beowulf was the true hero. In parallel the two stories yield a different answer, when viewing them from the eyes of a person alive in the 21st century. The true hero comes from within today. For example, someone who can lift three cars has less of a place in society than someone who can travel to third world countries and give food and shelter to those who are unfortunate. Gawain has more inner strength than Beowulf does. For example, in the days leading up to the meeting with the Green Knight, he is tested by temptations. One of those temptations is sex, and yet, despite the Green Knight’s wife’s strong sex appeal, he turns her away in the nicest way possible. The Green Knight was testing Gawain up until the moment he struck him with the axe. Gawain, fearful, kept the girdle that the Green Knight’s wife gave him because he believed it’s magical powers would save him. Therefore, he broke his promise. He was supposed to bear his neck, no shield, no protection. He lost his â€Å"tr oth† or his word by wearing that girdle. When he finds out that the Green Knight was testing him in his ability to keep his troth he was furious. He admitted, â€Å" Dread of the death blow and cowardly doubts meant I gave into greed, and in doing so forgot the freedom and fidelity every knight knows to follow† (Greenblatt, 235). After that the Green Knight forgives him because, like the readers, he sees Gawain’s strength in admitting his downfall and being truthful and regretful in the end. Beowulf is the opposite. He is egotistical and arrogant. Yes, he is significantly strong, but it is never enough. He always wants more. He always wants the fame, as when he left his men behind to take on the dragon, alone, despite his old age. Beowulf’s fault led him to his death, whereas Gawain’s humility saved his life. In today’s world all of us are faced with numerous different amounts of temptation. It speaks a lot to ones character to avoid them, and to speak for themselves in regret when they falter in their ability to deny those temptations. Gawain does this, when Beowulf is blind to his own faults. Today, Gawain would be the true hero. This is why when reading and interpreting the texts we must always consider context. Gawain is the real â€Å"person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities† (Merriam-Webster). Gawain is the indisputable hero.

Liberal and Socialist Feminist Approach Towards Wage Gap in the US Research Paper

Liberal and Socialist Feminist Approach Towards Wage Gap in the US - Research Paper Example Liberal feminism says that personal rights should be the foremost priority of individuals and women should possess capability to take stand against every unfair practice around them. The liberal feminist recognizes the injustices that favour males over females. Liberal feminist intend to free females from dominating roles of men in the community (Biber and Leavy). In 1970, feminist movement looked into the matters of females as dependent women and conservativeness of their lives in the United States. Liberal feminism claimed that women are confined to household jobs (Biber and Leavy). In the United States, women are making remarkable achievements in the professional grounds and struggling to work with equal rights. However, it has observed that despite working passionately and dedicatedly women are being paid less as compare to men up to 75% (Wood). Liberal feminism is the most effective approach in the United States that intend to work for the equal rights of women in every aspect o f socio-political life. Bandura (1977) has mentioned in his research that previously liberal feminism struggled for females` rights to participate in elections with equal opportunities and to own properties, but current liberal feminists intend to work for gaining equal seats in professional ground with equal salaries for equal jobs (Wood). According to Jagger (1983), philosophy of liberalism is related to traditional historical approaches of attaining equal opportunities in various grounds.... According to Jagger (1983), philosophy of liberalism is related to traditional historical approaches of attaining equal opportunities in various grounds. He further explained that liberal theory up holds the idea that equal work opportunities and salary packages directly influence cognition of women and motivate them, to hard with more enthusiasm (Biber and Leavy). It should the foremost matter of consideration for the governmental bodies in order, to ensure equal opportunities to men and women both. Theoretical movements of liberal feminism are different from other types of feminism. It is because it intend to take steps for political modifications in order to strengthen females` standings legally (Dickerson, Flanagan and O'Neill). However, other feminist party usually have common goals and similar objectives and strategies, but liberal feminism mainly focuses on individualism and positivism. In the United States, liberal feminism has made great contributions towards workplace envir onment and wages policies for women (Dickerson, Flanagan and O'Neill). With the contributions and participation of liberal feminists more and more talented women have, got chance to make their specific places in the work place, but the issues related to their wages gaps is still in process (Walters). However, participants of feminism have found that top positions and executive level jobs are kept for men in the US it has been then major reason behind low wages of women. Furthermore, Jagger (1983) discussed that feminist approach focus on individualism, and according to individualism notion, self-satisfaction is very important part. It has observed that working people have so many

A problem in nursing and my solution to it Research Paper

A problem in nursing and my solution to it - Research Paper Example Also, there is a significant reason to believe that there are now nurses who are not educated well and are not up to the mark. The World Health Organization finds that there is a 4.3 million shortage of nurses and other caring staff around the world. It cited that the reason for this shortage is the years of low investment in the education of health workers, creating effective training, paying good wages and providing the nursing staff with a better environment and administration (WHO, 2006). One of the basic reasons that have created this shortage in countries is that the profession of nursing requires a person to be compassionate, patient and caring. Moreover, medical attention is a serious activity and the person should be competent and skilled in giving proper care. But due to the notion that nursing is an easy profession and the fact that there are many accelerated programs that result in people who are not interested in other careers or are left with no choice but to choose thi s profession, the nursing shortage has become more severe. These individuals account for the malpractice and lack of care in hospitals (Smith, 2010). Another reason that can be attributed to the shortage of nurses is the aging nursing workforce. The nursing profession was dominating in the 1960s and the 1970s and many people started to enter the market to be a nurse. But over the years, many other opportunities in other industries opened for women that resulted in women turning their careers towards some other direction. This means that currently much of the nursing staff will be old and above the age of 40. Nursing is not an easy task and requires strenuous effort by an individual to carry out their jobs. For that reason, the over aged nursing staff has resulted in shortage of nursing staff (Smith, 2010). The impact of the nursing teaching and the rate of enrollment cannot be ignored for it plays a detrimental part in it. Many students who want to become nurses will be dismayed by the lack of institutions and many nursing schools have to turn away students who may be skilled and competent due to shortage of funds and staff. With so many institutions now turning away possible candidates for nurses, it is evident that the admission process is very competitive and simultaneously very restrictive (Berlin & Sechrist, 2002). Another reason that has fueled the fire in the shortage of nurses is that there is a farce notion and perception against the field of nursing. It is true that nursing is a tough and strenuous occupation that requires a lot of hard work and physical output. But this stress is not alleviated but, in fact, elevated with the insufficient staffing of hospitals and medical institutions. With their workload cut out for them it is understandable that the nurses will not be able to give their best as they will be frustrated and stressed all the time. Long hours of shift and more work never go along and ultimately result in the dissatisfaction and lack o f motivation for nurses. This furthermore aggravates the shortage of n

Rama in Ramayana Essay Example for Free

Rama in Ramayana Essay In the epic story of Ramayana, one of the cornerstones of the story is the part where Rama attempts to rescue Sita. In the story, Rama is considered the most heroic among all the characters precisely because of his devotion to the rules of dharma. Even during the times when still he was small, Rama was considered to be the perfect son, up to the point when he married Sita thereby considering him further as the perfect husband. More importantly, Rama gladly and willingly accepted the order of his father, king Dasharatha, to abandon the kingdom and be banished, hence removing him from the position as heir to the throne.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poignant part of the story where Rama’s knowledge and perception are further enriched is the part where he encountered Ravana who followed him in the forest. Ravana is the younger brother of Rama who was enthroned as the king of Ayodhya after Rama was banished from the kingdom. The encounter highlighted the capacity of Rama to understand the human situation that swirled around him and his family by understanding the sentiment of Ravana. Ravana very well understood that Rama is the rightful ruler as king of Ayodhya, and after following Rama to the forest, Ravana told Rama that until the day Rama returns, Ravana will instead place the sandals of Rama on the throne as a sign of respect and as a sign that Rama is the actual ruler of the kingdom. That was one way for Ravana to signify that he is simply the ‘caretaker’ of the throne while Rama, the rightful ruler, is away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rama’s encounter with Ravana in the forest signifies that even though he willingly accepted the banishment that was imposed upon him by his father, he was still willing to face the larger responsibility of serving his people as their king. That goes to show that Rama was willing to face both ends of the situation, or that he was willing to face any situation that he is confronted with. That is so because, having lived with the rules of dharma, Rama very well knows the consequences that awaited his every decision. This time around, his decision to return as the king of Ayodhya can be said as part of his responsibility as the eldest son of the king, hence the rightful ruler, and part of his realization that the kindness of Ravana begets his kindness to accept not only the fact that he is the rightful king but also the willingness of Ravana to bequeath Rama his rightful position in the kingdom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eventually, Rama willingly accepted the offer of Ravana which is not only a sign of respect to an offer which is rightfully his but is also a sign of accepting the propensity of having to rule an entire kingdom under his watch. Quite apart from the fact that accepting such a huge responsibility requires determination and the capacity to lead, it also requires the ability to follow. That ability to follow has been undoubtedly manifested by Rama not only during the time when he accepted his fate to be banished but also during the time when Ravana met with him. That occasion is the time when Ravana made Rama the offer which he followed with all his heart. Rama’s decision best exemplified his capacity to follow without hesitation and confusion on his part precisely because of the wisdom that he possesses due to his strict adherence to the rules of dharma.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In essence, the encounter of Rama with Ravana in the forest is one of the many scenes in the story which shows the enrichment of the knowledge of Rama as well as the formation of his character throughout the story. It brings into mind his capacity to lead by example and to follow the things which he indeed should rightfully follow. It drives home the point that Rama is all the more worthy of being adored by his people because of the virtues which he possesses and of being exalted as a ruler who very well understands the rules and teachings of the dharma. Reference Pollock, S. (1993). Ramayana and Political Imagination in India. The Journal of Asian Studies, 52(2), 262.

Santa Claus Does Exist Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Santa Claus Does Exist So you don’t believe in Santa Claus. It’s understandable. We find ourselves in an age of pure skepticism. We question everything. Science has taken hold of our lives, providing answers for all questions and dismissing anything that cannot be explained as either myth or fiction. So it’s quite understandable why you don’t believe, with no physical proof of his existence. It’s indeed understandable to lose sight of Father Christmas with the transformation of this holiday into one that, as of late, is used commercially as a lucrative crutch solely to make profit. It’s understandable to abandon Santa Claus after hearing countless people deny his very physical or even spiritual existence. After all, one tends to believe something if it is repeatedly reported as true. But, let me tell you something, something that may lead you to quite a spectacular, fulfilling life. I believe in Santa Claus. â€Å"Why,† you ask, â€Å"position yourself only to be disappointed upon realizing that all you hold as true is in fact false?† I will tell you that I grew up believing in Santa Claus—the jolly, old, fat man who annually descended the chimney with his endless sack of treasures. I will tell you that I still believe that Santa Claus exists, despite being told otherwise by both parent and peer. I will tell you not only that Santa Claus exists, but that he exists in you and your family and your friends and every person who gives a little extra in any way thinkable. I believe. Every year, as the air becomes dry and the ground sparkles with the fluffy white of the snow, I see in the eyes of those who surround me a beard of white and a suit of red. I see society morph as the last month of our year pays its toll. Generosity ri... ...ch out only for themselves, we lose sight of what Christmas is truly about. Forgetting the being of Santa Claus only makes us slight the kindness on which this holiday is based. Not believe in Santa! You may as well not believe in the very gifts laid under the tree on Christmas morn. Without your faith, Santa Claus would be nonexistent. There would be no yearning in your soul to give of yourself to others, no example to follow. Thank God, Santa Claus exists and exists forever, lightening the heavy heart as the sight of the snow blankets the soul and defines the heart of childhood. The modern person believes upon seeing. Perhaps, one sweet day, far ahead, believing will be seeing once more. I’m lucky though; I can see Santa Claus every day, in each and every one of you, through the words you say and the moves you make, and I know you’ll see it, too, someday.

Anahorish Brief Poetic Analysis Essay

A poem from Wintering out (1972) still early days in the â€Å"troubles† Anahorish is a place in south Derry, just a few kilometres south of Heaneys family farm. In gaelic it translates roughly to â€Å"hill of spring water† My â€Å"place of clear water,† The first hill in the world. This suggests that, literally Anahorish was the first pace seamus grew up in, but also water symbolizes inspiration in heaneys poems, so this also suggests it was his first place of inspiration. Anahorish primary, was Heanys primary school, and so first place of learning, and literature so this enforces the idea that Anahorish was his first place where he grew inspiration. The second verse begins with a darker approach,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"and darkened cobbles In the bed of the lane.†Ã‚  this suggests that Anahorish also had some of Heanys first â€Å"bad† memorys, possibly a young heaneys first glance at the troubles? Anahorish, soft gradient Of consonant, vowel-meadow This is simply describing the actual word, â€Å"Anahorish† soft gradient a refrence to hills, and vowel-meadow, a description of the high amount of vowels in the word, and another nature refrence. Those mound dwellers Go waist-deep in mist To break the light ice at wells and dunghills. Mist and ice are both forms of water, and so in heanys world, inspiration, however as the liquid and gas form, this represents inspiration which cannot be found, even though it is there. â€Å"to break the ice at wells and dunghills† means that you have to put effort in breaking the ice to reach the water underneath it, and so suggesting that you have to work, or search for inspiration.

Predictors Of Malaria Parasite Prevalence Health Essay

Recent advancement in malaria control such as increased handiness and coverage of several intercessions, including insecticide-treated bed cyberspaces ( ITNs ) , effectual instance direction with Artemisinin-based combination therapy, indoor residuary crop-dusting of families, and intermittent preventative intervention IPT for pregnant adult females, is thought to hold reduced disease load. Targets have been set by the United Nations, the World Health Organization ( WHO ) and the Roll Back Malaria Partnership to increase coverage of control steps, cut down the figure of malaria instances and deceases by 75 % or more by 2015, and extinguish malaria in several states ( 2,4 ) . With expanded malaria control plans, several states in Africa have documented big and sustained lessenings in the load of disease ( 2 ) . In parts that have achieved low degrees of transmittal, farther malaria control and riddance will necessitate that intercessions are non merely incorporated into national contr ol plans and accepted and used by persons, but that symptomatic- and asymptomatic-infected individuals, particularly under 5 kids be identified and treated. Zambia is one of 11 states in sub-Saharan Africa that achieved a greater than 50 % decrease in the figure of malaria instances between 2000 and 2009 ( 2 ) . The prevalence of parasitemia in kids younger than five old ages of age decreased by 53 % between the malaria index studies in 2006 and 2008, except for Northern Province which is still demoing high malaria parasitaemia figures in under 5s of ( 6 ) . Among kids who are feverish, the proportion with the malaria parasites in their blood may transcend 50 % ( 1 ) while family studies among seemingly healthy kids have reported parasitemia degrees of between 10- 30 % ( 7 ) .This has deduction for diagnosing and instance direction, as undue trust on febrility and organic structure temperature lift as opposed to parasitaemia may overlook many instances of malaria which can do desperate wellness effects for the kid ( 9 ) .Apparently healthy kids in malaria endemic parts may harbour the parasite in their blood and these kids may still endure the long term sequalae of the disease such as cognitive damage and acrobatics ( 8 ) ( 9 ) . In add-on to its utility as grounds base for intervention, finding malaria parasitemia in under 5s is besides a step of malaria endemicity ( 10 ) . For these grounds it is of import to find the degree of parasitemia in any vicinity. In Zambia, malaria parasitaemia in kids under five fell from 22 % in 2006 to 10 % in 2008, but so increased once more to 17 % in 2010. The prevalence of terrible anaemia ( Hb & A ; lt ; 8g/dl ) in kids under five declined from 14 % ( 2006 ) to 4.3 % ( 2008 ) , but so up swinged once more to 9.2 % ( 2010 ) . The account for this upswing in malaria prevalence and anaemia is non clear ( Zambia National Malaria Indictor Survey 2010 ) . Furthermore, Mpika territory in Northern Province has a revealing image, showed a drastic addition from 12 % 2008 to 23.6 % 2010 in prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in kids under five ( 5 ) The load of malaria differs among different sections of the community. For case the frequence of febrility episodes and the prevalence of parasitemia vary between rural and urban countries ( 8 ) .This has been related to differences in community patterns. Whereas in urban centres, episodes of febrility are likely to be reported to public wellness Centres for intervention, in rural countries interventions are started with traditional redresss at place and wellness centres are merely consulted when the traditional redresss fail ( 9, 10 ) .Also poorness is an of import factor in malaria and the rural hapless are more likely to be nescient of preventative steps, less likely to entree prompt intervention and their kids are more likely to be ill nourished. In add-on, engendering sites for the mosquito vector are more abundant in the rural countries increasing the strength of transmittal ( 11 ) . The possible part of KAP surveies to malaria research and control has non received much attending in most Southern African states ( 12 ) . In Northern Province of Zambia, this is the first survey that will transport out to supply baseline informations about malaria related cognition, attitude and patterns among primary health professionals. Although many surveies in Tanzania and other African states have linked socio-economic and behavioural factors, community cognition, attitudes and patterns with malaria ( 13-19 ) , fewer surveies have been able to set up such a nexus between these factors and malaria epidemics. An apprehension of cognition, attitudes and patterns among primary health professionals and designation of the chief factors that influences malaria intervention and protective behaviors during epidemics is hence of import in the design and execution of appropriate malaria epidemic control schemes. Despite good cognition about malaria transmittal, marks and symptoms, interv ention and control in some surveies, this survey purpose to uncover grounds of cognition spreads about malaria by some primary health professionals in rural Mpika. A KAP survey done in Tanzania, some respondents reported that malaria is transmitted through imbibing contaminated/unboiled H2O, remaining in the Sun and working in rain. It is really surprising that in this survey and others in malaria endemic states, a important proportion of respondents associated malaria with imbibing contaminated H2O or other wrong causes. An even higher per centum of respondents gave the same responses in a survey conducted in Uganda ( 20 ) and in another similar survey in Zimbabwe ( 18 ) . Similar responses were besides reported in rural countries of West Africa ( 21-22 ) . Further, in line with two surveies in West Africa ( 20-22 ) , there was besides a failure by most respondents in Muleba territory to tie in anemia and icterus with malaria which in bend could take to failure to acknowledge malar ia instances and hence failure to seek appropriate wellness attention. With respects to steps to forestall malaria, there were perceptual experiences that ITNs are harmful to the wellness of users and more peculiarly to pregnant female parents ( 22 ) . Evidence of cognition spreads on malaria has been reported by other surveies. Winch and his co-workers found that people in Bagamoyo territory in Tanzania failed to tie in terrible malaria ( paroxysms ) in kids, terrible anemia and malaria in gestation with malaria which in bend lead to people ‘s failure to admit the full load and therefore public wellness importance of the disease in the country ( 24 ) . The cognition spreads revealed in this survey hence indicates that some people might hold opted for unsound steps of malaria control and protection and therefore contributed to the increased figure of malaria instances observed during the epidemic. In decision, these findings show that in order to accomplish the needed degrees of acceptance of malaria control measures, more accent should be placed on planing and execution of effectual wellness instruction intercessions that will turn to cognition spreads on malaria among communities and finally among primary health professionals of kids under 5 old ages of age.

How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns

How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns How to Form Plurals of Compound Nouns By Mark Nichol Many compound nouns present a challenge when it comes to determining how to convert them from singular to plural form. The solution usually seems simple enough slap on an s but the plural appendage doesn’t automatically go at the very end. Here’s the rule about how to figure out whether to write that, for example, during your last golf game, you shot two hole-in-ones or two holes-in-one. (After all, just because you’re lying doesn’t mean you should ignore proper grammar.) The plural inflection s or its variants should be attached to the element of an open or hyphenated compound noun that changes in number. Hence, for example, â€Å"chief of staff† becomes â€Å"chiefs of staff,† not â€Å"chief of staffs† and â€Å"mother-in-law† becomes â€Å"mothers-in-law,† not â€Å"mother-in-laws.† Some terms, however, are ambiguous: Should you write â€Å"attorney generals,† or â€Å"attorneys general†? The former treatment disregards that attorney is the key element; general, in this usage, is an adjective, not a noun. (This reverse placement of adjective and noun is a legacy of the French origin of the term.) But â€Å"attorneys general† seems stilted and odd to many people, who prefer treating such compound designations like military ranks: A reference to more than one brigadier general, for example, would mention â€Å"brigadier generals,† not â€Å"brigadiers general,† even though general, recall, was originally a postnominative adjective. However, similar terms are straightforward: â€Å"Secretary-elect† becomes â€Å"secretaries-elect,† and the plural form of â€Å"heir apparent† is â€Å"heirs apparent.† Note that the rule does not refer to closed compounds, because in this type of compound, the element that changes number is invariably at the end: More than one headache involves multiple aches, not a plurality of heads (notwithstanding that reference can be made to more than one person having a headache at a time), mention of two or more copies of a handbook correctly emphasizes book, not hand, and households is likewise the correct form for describing more than one household. But there are exceptions, as in reference to more than one passerby; that’s because, unlike the examples given above, this closed compound does not consist of two nouns combined in one word. Passersby, too, observes the general rule that the changeable element receives the plural inflection. And what of compoundlike words formed from the combination of a noun and the suffix -ful? Dictionaries, responding to variable usage, list both a plural form in which the plural inflection follows the noun and a variant in which the s is appended after -ful. However, some people find the former structure awkward (handsful, teaspoonsful), while the -fuls form (handfuls, teaspoonfuls), to many, looks and sounds more logical. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Body Parts as Tools of MeasurementSit vs. Set

Human growth and developement 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human growth and developement 4 - Essay Example My parents may be loving and supportive but when house rules are broken which includes curfew during weekdays (which is often broken) I am usually grounded. My parents may be smiling when they caught me making excuses but rules are rules and I am still grounded. I understand the reason why they do it and so I gladly accept it. 2. Discuss the ways in which social skills are affected both in the short-term and long-term by child maltreatment. Please feel free to give examples from your own observations in nursing and/or personal experiences. Children who experience maltreatment tend to be abusive with their relationships also. For them, abusive treatment of people is acceptable because they themselves have experienced it. Their emotion are not usually fully developed and they do not respond well to stressful situations. In extreme situations, they are likely to give in and being such, typically labeled as emotionally unstable. Gfroerer, Kelly P.; Kern, Roy M.; Curlette, William L.; White, JoAnna; JonynienÄâ€", Jolita (2011). Parenting  Style and Personality: Perceptions of Mothers, Fathers, and Adolescents.   Journal of Individual Psychology,  

Background and issue of Kenya Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Background and issue of Kenya - Assignment Example Background and issue of Kenya These terror attacks include the Mpeketoni and Lamu attacks in the coastal regions, the Westgate Mall attacks in the capital city of Kenya-Nairobi and other attacks in Mandera, and Wajir in northeastern Kenya. All these coupled with the negative and exaggerated media reports on the security situation in the country has led to the decline in the number of tourists in the country (Ellis and Bank, 2007, p. 300). However, the government has intervened to ensure that the issue of security is resolved once and for all. This report will include a statement of issues facing tourism sector in the country, portrayal of the country and the tourism sites together with the tourism ITS perspectives. There are various issues facing tourism industry in Kenya. One of them is the issue of insecurity especially through various terror attacks. Recently, the terror groups have embarked on posing a security threat to the country thus reducing the number of tourists in the country. One of the massive terror attacks occurred in the Westgate mall in September 2013 (Obadiah, Nicholas and Josephine, 2012, p. 23). This terror attacks claimed many lives in the country and it resulted into tourism fearing for their security thus failing to tour the country as they did before. The second issue facing the tourism sector in the country is due to poor infrastructure. Most of the tourist destinations have inaccessible roads since they are located in remote areas making them almost inaccessible to the tourists.

Interest Rates and the Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interest Rates and the Economy - Essay Example Now, the ability to ascertain credit at reasonably favorable terms i.e. good interest rates is something that households and businesses alike, regardless of their area of participation, must do themselves without any outside party determining or even influencing the terms of the final agreement between the borrower and the lender. Now, the floor interest rates which are present in the world and especially in our country initiate the process of the full recovery of the economy, however, it is distinctly important to understand that an easygoing and overtly mundane or banal economic recoil makes market analyst ponder over the notion that whether interest rates happen to be a factor that is critical enough in size and important than it can actually steer an entire economy without assistance or fail. If we conduct a thorough historical analysis of the world economy since the turn of the century, we will notice that the current recession which is ravaging the global economy has been cause d by a number of reasons, all of whom have been aired and given enough attention over this period, however, a critical factor in the downfall of a dynamic and well performing global economy have been a string of interest rate augmentations in 1999 and 2000. Given the fact that increasing the interest rates could certainly put to an end the promise of a burgeoning economy which has the potential to expand and influence the global economic, then it is important to note that the opposite of the above statement must also be true and should be put forth as an completely independent notion which states that decreasing the interest rates of the country could certainly boost an ailing economy and provide it with the impetus that it requires to rebound its way towards recovery and re-establishment. This way of reasoning, however, is not completely fool proof and without any loopholes. The real analogy that can be used, or perhaps that should have been used in this case is that the difference between the two is pulling on a rope and pushing of the rope in the two cases which we have just explained earlier; here pushing the rope is the instance of lower the interest rate in order to jumpstart the economy and boost its performance during a period of regression or stagflation. The recovery of the economy in 2004 has moved onto such a mature stage at the point when the author was formulating his opinion on the said matter that actually empirically showing whether we can ascertain that decreased interest rates were the reason that first immunized the economy and then brought the economy back from the dead to life, all against a backdrop of a general contamination of the economic melancholy that was being experienced at the time Professor Larry Allen was formulating his piece on the correlation between interest rates and the revival of an economy. Theoretical framework: A lot has been said about the interest rates and the economy in general but we have not discussed the theory of this specific occurrence as yet. Here, we will try to

Disturbance of Corporate Personality and Law Coursework

Disturbance of Corporate Personality and Law - Coursework Example This research will begin with the statement that one of the moral issues in the co-operate scene today is the act of bribing company officials in order to get tenders and other orders in the business world. This is a situation where the company officials are given bribes in order to hand over a certain order to a particular supplier. Bribing other officials to hand over information regarding a competing company falls in the same category as unethical business behavior. These offences are legally punishable by the law in the United States of America. It is documented that most of these companies are oblivious of this as an offence that is punishable by international law. However, officials should not accept bribes under any circumstances. This makes the competition in the market to be unfair. The market share then is more likely to shift from a competitive market to a monopoly. Monopolization of the market makes it worlds harder to ensure the rights of the consumer are well adhered to . This kind of moral situation should not exist in an ideal society let alone a business situation. Eradicating such vices hides a bigger picture of ensuring that each of the people’s interests is better protected. This can only be done by the effective education of people both of their rights and of the wrongs they may commit if they stay ignorant. A recent example is the publication in a global corruption report made by transparency international. This report showed that companies are still in the habit of offering bribes to officials of other states in order to get their products into those states faster. Also bribes offered to political heavyweights for smoother navigation of the product within the political climate of the state. Problems brought about by corporations investing in countries with populations that have low returns differ from the main concerns of the companies in more mature markets. Diamond also initially focused on an e-conference he attended. According t o Diamond, â€Å"the consequences of all that deforestation include loss of timber and other forest building materials, soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, sediment loads in the rivers, loss of watershed protection and hence of potential hydroelectric power, and decreased rainfall.1† The conference was gathered on basis of the role that governments ought to take enabling a suitable environment that. CSR is one of the groups that cover a wide variety of ecological problems connected to trade conduct. Through the conference attended, I have not observed any guiltless references made by the writer with regards to negligence of ecological responsibility. I also have come across companies that the writer appears to be referring to successful funding and repairing of harm caused to the environment. An example used by Diamond is the EPA superfund program that righteous ecologists have supported to the extent of clearly deserving their fortune. Such programs have been reported to s upport the public from the actual damage that has been inflicted on the environment. The writer talks about the level or state of the compensation that EPA imposed on the environment as a result of the activities carried out certain companies2. Diamond opens up the occasional useful programs and policies huge corporations put into effect to inform companies that taking care of the environment is not the sole task of the people. During the aftermath of the oil spill, Chevron claimed to be in control of the situation. The writer simply reveals the programs initiated in the name of saving out environment, and does not let the companies off the hook. Some of the areas that signify that the writer does not the company off the hook for its environmental damaging operations include the

Four Seasons Change Management

Four Seasons Change Management Introduction This report is about Four Seasons Hotels, their outstanding management principles and core values, which played a crucial role in the legendary breakthrough in the hospitality industry. It describes also a big challenge of entering a new country, new market and facing completely different mentality and environment. It represents how core principles and values of Four Seasons were implemented during this establishment. It also describes gradually the process of adaptation, along with profound managerial decisions which were made and management strategies, which were applied during this process. Executive management of Four Seasons had set an ambitious goal to enter French market with an opening the first hotel in Paris under their brand. They were aware and have predicted the difficulties they might face with French culture and especially in Paris. On the early stage of Four Seasons development they have applied a core principle of flexibility, which leads to success and they were learning across borders, from each country and property1 as well. The senior managers of Four Seasons claimed: Our strengths is our diversity and our singularity, while the essence of culture may vary2, by stating that they were building new management principles. In general the report covers crucial managerial tactics and decisions, aimed to adapt to a new culture and environment as well as to manage difficulties in a highly effective and entrepreneurial manner. Cultural awareness and adaptation Before entering French market, Four Seasons Hotel Corporation had managed challenges related to entering new markets in different countries. From theoretical perspective they were prepared and experienced to admit that every culture is different and there are many distinctions in preferences of customers and the way service is expected to be provided. Based on their acknowledgement, they have stated a pattern, which says Italian in Italy, French in France3 that will lead to the target result Each hotel is a tailor made and adapted to its national environment; each property represent its location4. Based on the previous statements, Four Seasons had drawn a creative, internationally-based and worthwhile approach, variable from country to country,- creating cultural destinations4 and allowing those cultures be distinctive with clearly highlighted features of each of them. Their success lies in the knowledge and awareness of a simple principle of flexibility that one should adapt a management style and service delivery to each country. The standards were designed according to each destination, allowing the local flexibility and encouragement of doing something beyond5 the core standards and values. In terms of cultural awareness globally, Four Seasons regional management structure was considered to be a key component of its ability to deliver and maintain the highest and most consistent service standards at each property6 as well as to adapt to every culture effectively and efficiently. One of the key challenges and difficulties to launch Four Seasons Hotel George V Paris was adaptation to the cultural differences and national mentality of the people. Although executive management was aware of cultural diversity issue, what is proved by their statement: If you are going global you cannot be one way7, it still seems not enough to manage all internal and external environment affects at the beginning. Cultural differences were the major barrier for Four Seasons management, on the grounds that they were part of several problematic issues among employees, such as postponement of responsibilities, exaggeration of self inability to solve challenging situations and needless of reference to existing standards. Previously mentioned facts are the sign of low level of responsibility and accountability of decisions among middle and front-line managers. Problematic issues had also involved unreasonable scepticism of Four Seasons in the society and employees without actually knowi ng it. Management Change One of the greatest and crucial management change was new General Manager Le Clavez, who was an ideal candidate for this position. Firstly, he was French and that was beneficial for employees perception and understanding of their needs. Secondly, Le Clavez had a lot of experience in Four Seasons in the US, so that he knew the core values and standards by heart. Thirdly, he had willingness to return in France, which plays a critical role and affects the future performance. Le Clavez has established a lead by example tactic through Apples and Oranges approach which is a part of Total Quality Management and says if one rotten apple can ruin the barrel, then you have to seed the organization with oranges8. According to this fair approach, people with the right attitude were promoted, what shows loyalty and tolerance of management. In the same time it was a smart and wise adaptation measure, avoiding violence, restrictions and negative-effects. Nowadays the importance of cultural awareness is critical for a success, especially in the times of globalization9. Overall it is seen that hospitality managers are searching for patterns in order to fix cultural problems. The topic of cultural diversity and management is relevant and described in details in many books, where authors and professionals state that cultural identity is multidimensional, involving far more than nationality alone10. It also a big issue and the greatest challenge in intercultural interactions to decide who adapts whom and how11. Based on the last argument Four Seasons management in Paris has done an attempt for mutually beneficial solutions and suggested compromises for both sides, by accepting an existing situation and features of French culture. 2. Four Seasons success is owed to an excellent core values and management system which ensures compliance of family structure in the hotels. The Golden Rule of Four Seasons is the greatest approach among the all, because it is fairly simple, functional and says: One should treat others as one would like to be treated12. The Golden Rule puts all 270 core worldwide operating standards into practice, unlike many other organisations, which have it on paper only. In addition the perception of standards among executive managers is equally spread worldwide. Another distinctive value of Four Seasons is personalized service and flexibility with a help of which management allows employees to go beyond the standards in order to satisfy and over fulfil guests needs, whenever it is possible. From my point of view, the main focus has to be held on people, and Four Seasons Hotel policy had proved my assurance, by drawing to the attention the fact that people make the strength of the company. I am convinced that as easier for understanding the value or rule is, than more effectively it will be sustained in reality, and people are those priceless resources, who build and compose any company and its future. One more overwhelming factor, which highlights Four Seasons among others, is maintenance of all standards and core policies all staff all over the world at all times. For this particular reason a key word SERVICE states for Smile, Eye, Recognition, Voice, Informed, Clean and Everyone13. An impressing simplicity of this policy has created a ground for installation core values and principles of Four Seasons worldwide. A performance of Four Seasons on a global arena wouldnt have been outstanding, without the leading figures who were driving the process of development to inevitable success. Outgoing persons such as the founder, chairman and CEO Isadore Sharp and executive vice president John Young are the biggest shareholders of Four Seasons. Owing to them and many more local talented executive managers, like Le Clavez in Paris, core values and standards were successfully instilled in the hotel operation worldwide. One of the profound values, appraised in Four Seasons are human values of employees and The Golden Rule is the best proof of it. John Young commented about The Golden Rule: We recognize that the only way to assure that guests are treated well is to treat employees well14. According to the last statement, Four Seasons provides everything necessary for its employees, including spare uniform, trainings top-notch equipment, feedbacks and all the necessary information.14 270 core worldwide operating standards have several exceptional characteristics, which make them operating globally. First is their allowance of local flexibility, so that service will be provided according to local preferences. Second is a profound awareness of core standards and principles, so that some executive managers perceive standards as a religion! Cultural awareness made another beneficial input to the company, which designed the Apples and Oranges approach, which was instilled in hotel in Paris following by a s alutary and desirable effect. Another significant step of cultural renovation of Four Seasons property in Paris which Le Clavez has applied was The Task Force approach, which was instilled in every new property previously. This approach has a worthwhile deep impact on employees, because it uncovers underlying philosophy of the company and helps getting the property running. It is also considered as a strong symbol and highly effective approach from a human resource perspective.15 General Manager of F.S. George V has also instilled trustworthiness and reliability among employees, by simply keeping the promises and decisions made, when implementing The Golden Rule. With time staff members has realized that management of the hotel is supporting them in all different ways. It also tries to follow the tide with an intention to improve employees personal lives, by changing working shifts in favour of their interests. In my opinion, Le Clavez played a primary role in the establishing of hotel in Paris and especially in bringing into it a Four Seasons flavour. His entrepreneurial and effective decisions contain the half of successful installation of core values and standards. Le Clavez did not limit himself on applying common strategies and approaches; he took a risk to go beyond ordinary practices and brought worthy changes into French business. 3. Entrepreneurship is a necessary measure to apply in unstable conditions of internal and external environment. The decisions and new approaches that Le Clavez had instilled into the management structure were reasonable and innovative. The strategy of general manager was in compliance with The General Principles for Successful Cultural Change16, where the first step is acceptance of existing behaviours, based on values and underlying assumptions within the organisation and encouragement of those, who meet organisational objectives. Le Clavez first has announced the Commitment of good environment17, he was communicating ideas and organisational objectives and in an open manner to employees. Secondly, the means of Apple and Oranges approach is perfectly matches The General Principles for Successful Cultural Change. And finally, as a result all entrepreneurial measure which he had taken worked out in the best case scenario. External environment in France was unusual for American, from the legal perspective, affecting design, work pattern and laws in favour of employees, regarding to the working hours, hygiene and right-to-light. Internal environment factors are closely linked to external in the way that mentality and French pride of personnel was interfering the working process and law were creating termination difficulties. The major differences refer to cultural, where monochronic American culture with its scheduling, code of behaviour and stability states versus polichronic French culture, to which instability in employees attitude is typical. Regarding to these cultural inequality, several difficulties related to the job and professional performance can be emphasized, they include: limited selling activities, inability to apologize, accept ones fault or responsibility, and many others. An absolute difference between American and French cultures had created a detrimental barrier, which had an adverse impact on the business until the critical entrepreneurial practices were applied. Le Clavez was on the right path of improvement by instilling several unusual for France communication approaches. One of it was a Direct line approach, which was a turning point of qualitative and effective communication among different managerial levels. Another innovation in communicative process was an open door event, which involved families of employees to spend time in the hotel and to break down existing barriers18. In order to reward employees, Le Clavez has introduced uncommon in France employee-of-the-month and employee-of-the-year program along with annual evaluations. These programs were settled on the fair basis of meritocracy and aimed to avoid favoritism. On the external level, Le Clavez was straight-forward and open minded when dealing with press and publicity, which had helped to create a transparent and beneficial image of the hotel. As a result of managing cultural diversity, Le Clavez had created A Cultural Cocktail or in other words a truly international environment with a French flavor and several entrepreneurial innovations. The process of development wasnt easy in the beginning and It is understandable that people tend to be resistant to change19 because of their comfort zone, which is familiar to them. One of the new HR trends says that the measurable result and target is to create a win-win situation for both the employer and employee20 that is exactly what Le Clavez had achieved in Paris. At present cultural awareness plays a particular role in Hospitality management during an increasing globalization process. People understand importance of cultural diversity and create new approaches to manage it efficiently and effectively in their businesses. Management of change gains its popularity and appraisal in todays industry. Executive management understands values and significance of flexibility in managing external and internal environment, cultural differences. Building workplace equality through the cultural borders is crucial success factor nowadays. We can observe a variety of approaches in management regarding to previous subjects, they include: Cultural-Cocktail simulation21, focus groups observations and countless number of cultural diversity trainings, books, materials, researches and practical case studies. It all monitors an actual tendency to make organizations more accommodating to diverse groups of people22 and to react on unexpected situations in external environment. Conclusion The senior management was anticipating a great challenge and triumph, although they could not know in advance what exactly they are going to face with. The report provides analyses of the process of installation of core Four Seasons values into the French environment. It also compares Four seasons experience, management tactics and approaches of that time with todays reality. Every remarkable success is inseparable from stability and maintenance of quality, in other words it is not enough to reach a high level of service, standards and quality, one should sustain it on that high level constantly. Common understanding of core principles and values of Four Seasons management worldwide, as well as common culture of providing a luxury service, supported with simplicity of standards and its actual implementation, has been recognised and appraised globally. I would like to admit an outstanding professional performance and management of Le Clavez and the whole Four Seasons organization on the global arena. The core managerial principles which were innovated that time are still relevant and serve a base for future technologies. The story of hotel George V in Paris analysed in this report can be considered as a tutorial guide full of entrepreneurial and innovative ideas, as well as logical steps, which were intended to modify the current environment and to handle cultural diversity issues effectively. It is also an illustrative description, which reveals key managerial principles for the success, quality and sustainability of Four Seasons.

The Assassination of John F. Kennedy Essay -- essays papers

The Assassination of John F. Kennedy For the American people, John F. Kennedy was the bright future. He was a young man that they was as holding the torch for this country. When he was elected, he brought youth and a relaing calm to the White House for the first time in our nation's history. Not only did John Kennedy bring youth to our nation's capitol, but he also brought change and new ideas to improve the nation. During his first term in office, Kennedy improved peace talks with the Soviet Union, and was also working on ideas to halt the Vietnam War; however, his work could not be done in a single term as president. Kennedy had to start campaigning for reelection, and decided to make a trip to Dallas to campaign. The President arrived in Dallas to a crowd of elated people lining the streets hoping to get a glimpse of the President. As his motorcade proceeded down Elm Street, Governor Connally's wife said, "You can't say that Dallas isn't friendly to you today Mr. President." (Untied Press International 14) With that, John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States was assassinated .November 22, 1963 would be the day Camelot would come crumbling down. Our nation and the people all over the world mourned the death of our young and inspiring President. It has been thirty years since the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and many people are still uncertain as to who is actually responsible for his assassination. Over the years there have been numerous theories that the CIA and the FBI were somehow linked to the assassination. Most of these theories have been disproven by other theories. The government's theory is that Lee Harvey Oswald, acting alone, assassinated President John F. Kennedy. Lee Harvey Oswald's past may answer some questions as to why he is considered to be the assassin of John Kennedy. Lee Harvey Oswald was born on October 18, 1939, to a lower- middle class family. Oswald's father died two months before he was born; this left Oswald to be taken care of by only his mother, Marguerite. Marguerite had a hard time dealing with the death of Lee's Father, which left her all alone to raise Lee and his two brothers, Robert Oswald and John Pic, a son from her first marriage (Beck 71). Marguerite checked Robert and John into an orphanage so that she could find work for her family. Marguerite wanted to put Lee into an orp... ...it because he was in a state of despair from being shunned by his wife. A third reason, which I believe played a large role is that maybe Oswald did it to get the attention of the Cubans and the Soviets, who in no way, shape, or form cared for Kennedy. By doing this he may have hoped to be allowed into Cuba. References Beck, Melinda. "The Mind Of The Assassin." Newsweek . November 22, 1993. Cockburn, Alexander. "In Defense Of The Warren Commission." The Nation . March 9, 1992. JFK . Directed by Oliver Stone. With Kevin Costner, Woody Harrelson, and Joe Pesci. Warner Brothers: 1991. Parshall, Gerald. "The Man With A Deadly Smirk." US News And World Report . August 30-September 6, 1993. Posner, Gerald. "Sniper's Nest." US News And World Report . August 30- September 6,1993. Posner, Gerald. Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and The Assassination of JFK . New York: Random House, 1993. United Press International and American Heritage Magazine Four Days: A Historical record Of The Death Of President Kennedy . New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 1993. The Warren Report . President's Commission On The Assassination of President Kennedy: Associated Press.

Fast food vs homemade food Essay

Homemade food is better than fast food because it’s healthy, cheaper, and you control what’s in your food. Food is the most important thing that keeps us alive so we have to choose wisely on what we eat. But some people choose to eat meals that are giving to you in less than five minutes than a meal that takes thirty or more minutes. Fast food and homemade food also have their similarities because you could choose what you want to eat and when you want it. Fast food attracts people because its ready to go anytime of the day and many people don’t have that time to actually make a meal. Many people rely on fast food because it’s convenient to them and you could find a fast food place at almost any corner in a town. Everyone is busy you’re a college student, you work a lot, or your kids are keeping you busy so you are always in a rush so you don’t have the time to make a actual meal but that doesn’t mean your eating habits have to be a rush. When you’re making food at home you have control of the ingredients going in and what’s not going in. When eating fast food you don’t know if its health because you don’t know what is being put in the food you’re eating. For example, you could go to McDonalds and get a hamburger from the dollar menu or make your own at home, they both look the same and are probably going to be the same size but the differences between them are the calories in the hamburger and the tastes. By making your own you know what kind of percent of fat is in the meat. Almost all fast food restaurants look for deals so they would buy meat that has more percent of fat because it’s cheaper than meat that has less percent of fat. People keep feeding their kids fast food but what they don’t think about is it could lead their children to obesity in the future. By feeding them home made food you will have more control of their weight and they will have more energy throughout the day. Cooking at home dose take time out of your day but you also save much more money than eating out because when you cook at home you could cook one meal and that meal could last you all day or you could save the food for the next day. For example you could buy a five pound bag of chicken breast and use it for different types of meals for the week. Also, cooking at home could bring you family together and make the preparation go by faster. Both fast food and homemade food have differences and similarities. Fast food is more convenient and takes less time were as homemade food is healthier and saves you money.

Courage (To Kill A Mockingbird) Essay

The dictionary definition for courage is- Courage is the quality of mind that enables one to face danger or difficulty with confidence, resolution, and gain a firm control of oneself. Many of the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird show courage in their own way. Courage can come in many different forms: physical, mental, emotional and moral. Atticus shows courage throughout the novel while he stands up for what he believes is right even though he knows the majority of people disagree with his views. Atticus sees differently because he went to university and he got an education where he learnt about values and equality whereas the people of Maycomb who do not have the same education are basing their decision on what their family taught them and being from the south they have been taught to discriminate against which is why they treat Tom Robinson so unfairly. Atticus is also forced to shoot the mad dog (106-107) which is against his moral standards but he knew he had to kill it, not only to protect the people of Maycomb, he also had to put the dog out of its misery which took a lot of his strength and courage. Mrs Dubose shows courage and determination when she recognises that she has a flaw and that she has to fix it. She is addicted to Morphine and makes a goal to die free of her weakness. She goes through a time of withdrawal that is difficult to survive. She finishes her goal before she dies. She enlists Jem to read to her every Saturday as a way of distracting herself. It still takes a great amount of self-confidence to be able to recognise that one has a flaw and even more to do something about it. Scout shows a large amount of courage in the scene where Atticus goes down to the jailhouse in an attempt to try and protect Tom Robinson. After he arrives at the jail, a group of men appear in the jail with the intention of killing Robinson. Atticus is prepared to defend him, but he is thrown off guard when his children enter the situation. This makes Atticus nervous that his children are in danger. That was when Scout stepped up to the men and talked them down from attacking Tom and Atticus. Another example of courage is when Scout rolls the tire into the Radley yard. She is terrified when she realises where she is and her immediate reaction is to run straight back to the street. When she gets back Jem tells her to go back and get the tyre but Jem ends up doing it anyway. When Jem returns he accuses Scout of being a sissy girl. What he doesn’t know because Scout decided not to tell him is that Scout heard laughter from inside the house. That is why she ran out so fast, forgetting the tyre. But she chose not to explain this to them.

Should we Legalize Marijuana Essay Example

Should we Legalize Marijuana Essay Example Should we Legalize Marijuana Essay Should we Legalize Marijuana Essay The history of penalizing oppressive measures to discourage the utilization of drugs is one which presents little support to those who think that the best approach to the problem of the extensive use of marijuana is Draconian legislation. The spread of tobacco smoking during the 16th and 17th centuries was the most theatrical epidemic of drug use in recorded history. The foule weed was adopted by cultures so different literate and nonliterate, for instance that cultural and social determinants must have played an inconsequential role, if any at all, in its spread. In approximately all cases of tobacco use, prohibitions against it failed, whether they were justified on grounds of impairment to health, religion, good taste, or by the threat of inducement to criminal activity. The history of the use of tobacco would appear to point out that social controls are powerless when a society is confronted by an attractive psychoactive substance, even though that substance serves no primary ph ysiological need or conventional interpersonal function.In their initial response to the introduction of tobacco into most societies all through the 16th and 17th centuries, the authorities were in actual fact much more bigoted in their attempts to curb its use than are modern authorities. This is particularly surprising when one thinks that it is modern proof which has demonstrated undoubtedly the health dangers arising from tobacco use. One more very similar instance is provided by the 17th century spread of coffee drinking in the Arab Near East, despite the most extreme penalties, including death. (Mitch Earleywine, 2002).The impotence of lawmaking in restraining the use of psychoactive substances is demonstrated again by fairly recent North African history. When from 1956-1960 the farming of Cannabis sativa was banned in Tunisia and Algeria, vineyards replaced hemp fields, as well as alcohol consumption took the place of cannabis with no resulting improvement in public health. A t the end of the 19th century in Ireland, there was an endeavor to restrain the use of hard liquor through temperance campaigns, heavy taxation, and (attempted) strict enforcement of the tax laws. The campaign was a victory in that the Irish to a great extent reduced their intake of hard liquor; instead, they switched to the substitute ethyl ether, which offered a short-lived intoxication involving a hot all the way down sensation, pursued by thunderous flatus, and, within ten minutes, a high, which could be repeated and which left no menace. The use of ether turned out to be so extensive that in one area of Ulster an eighth of the population were labeled etheromaniacs. The succeeding alarm over the ether epidemic became so immense that the different pressure groups which had promoted the campaign upturned their field, and the Irishman happily returned to other psychoactive substances, remarkably back to his whiskey.In Japan, after World War II, amphetamines turned out to be freely and legally available. Their use started to skyrocket to the point where it was anticipated that 5 million Japanese were habitual users. In reaction to this medicosocio emergency, a highly punitive law was enacted in 1953 against both users and sellers. But whereas the amphetamine problem was considered solved by 1955, the number of narcotic addicts had started to rise gradually. The augment in the use of narcotics turned out to be so alarming that in 1963 a new law, planned to be as severe as the 1953 antiamphetamine legislation, was passed. It solved the heroin problem, however the number of barbiturate users now started to rise, and in actual fact is still rising. Additionally there is now a sharp augment in the practice of solvent inhalation (glue-sniffing). At the present time marijuana is used to a very slight extent in Japan. (Dale Alexander, 2003).Prohibition of alcohol in this country failed for the reason that violations were so frequent, blatant, and extensive through all socioeconomic groups. The public more and more doubted that alcohol was so unwanted, and the cost of and fallout from enforcement became unbearable.The ostensible cause for the general alarm regarding the use of marijuana is the belief that it shows the way to drug abuse, which means that it harms the individual who takes the drug and that he is more probable to impose injury on society generally. Though, irrespective of the legal status of its use, if a drug, when taken in its usual doses, is not biologically detrimental, then from a functional (and a common sense) viewpoint its use cannot constitute drug abuse. The opiates are in actual fact truly drugs of abuse in that the addiction they produce is perpetually harmful to the individual. However, while the mortality rate for such drug abuse possibly from two to ten times that of the non-narcotic-using population, very important statistics in the United States for the year 1965 make known that deaths ensuing from misuse of narcoti cs and further drugs constitute merely 1.5 per 1,000, compared with the figure of 10.7 for alcoholism and its complications. Commonly associated with drug abuse are various disorders, including malnutrition, infection, toxic psychoses, as well as the precipitation of psychoses. Additionally, there are the deep physical and mental changes that may take place upon abrupt withdrawal of drugs of abuse. Drug abuse with opiates is usually associated with crimes against both people and property, even though in actual fact crimes against people are rare; thievery, forgery, and prostitution are the most common. A common crime among drug users is that of peddling drugs to one another; this is the merely one that is common among marijuana users.Besides crime, further types of social damage usually associated with drug abuse comprise automobile accidents, economic losses at all levels, neglect of family and ordinary pursuits and activities, damaged careers, and all that. While it is most likely impossible to estimate the actual cost of drug abuse, for the reason that there are so many factors and variables involved, it appears more than likely that the social cost of abuse of narcotics and other drugs is less than that caused by the extensive addiction to alcohol in this country, where the number of alcoholics is sometimes estimated to be as high as twenty million, although more conservative estimates hover around the five to six million mark. The likelihood that the economic impact of drug abuse of all sorts may be overestimated is supported by the White House Committee on Narcotic and Drug Abuse, which has noted that if the economic aspects alone are considered, there are numerous other problems deserving of a higher priority.   (Erich Goode, 1969).Whereas there can be no question that the use of psychoactive drugs may be harmful to the social fabric, the harm ensuing from the use of marijuana is of a far lower order of magnitude than the harm caused by abuse of narco tics, alcohol, and other drugs. Marijuana itself is not criminogenic; it does not show the way to sexual debauchery; it is not addicting; there is no evidence that it leads to the use of narcotics. It does not, under ordinary situation, cause psychoses, and there is no convincing evidence that it causes personality deterioration. Even regarding automobile driving, although the use of any psychoactive drug must perforce be detrimental to this skill, there exists evidence that marijuana is less so than alcohol. Marijuana use, even over a substantial period of time, does not cause malnutrition or to any known organic illness. There is no evidence that mortality rates are any higher among users than nonusers; actually, relative to other psychoactive drugs, it is remarkably safe.There is, though, a real relationship between crime and cannabis in this country: the criminogenic character of the present laws against the possession, sale, or even the giving away of marijuana; and this compri ses a great irony. The unique nature of this criminogenic effect in the United States is that antimarijuana laws have strengthened and somewhat created the fundamental but complex sociological and legal problems they were ostensibly designed to avoid or eliminate. The laws which prohibit the possession, sale, as well as giving away of cannabis passed by the individual states and the federal government since the mid-1930s have formed a completely new species of criminal, very often an individual who is truly unable to see himself, in any real sense, as engaged in any criminal activity, and whose typical attitude toward the antimarijuana legislation is a combination of scorn, indifference, and frustration. It is not at all unreasonable to presume that a government (or, more predominantly, a special law-enforcement agency of that government) which strikes marijuana users as downright absurd in its tremendously punitive approach to prohibition of marijuana will as well appear ludicrou s in other important respects. (Alan W. Bock, 2000).Until recently, the federal laws made distribution, including gifts of marijuana, punishable by from five to twenty years imprisonment for a first offense, and ten to forty years for a subsequent offense. In addition, there were restrictions on probation and suspended sentences. Accordingly, federal penalties for marijuana violations were, with a few minor exceptions, the same as those for violations of the laws relating to opiates and cocaine. The declared intent of Public Law 91-513, which became law on October 27, 1970, is that of reducing penalties for experimenters and increasing them for pushers. The penalty for simple possession of marijuana is reduced to a prison term of not more than one year and/or a fine of not more than $5,000. The Court can, if it decides, give first offender probation instead of a jail sentence. A second conviction of possession is punishable by up to two years of imprisonment and/or a fine of not mor e than $10,000. The offense of selling marijuana is punishable by a prison sentence of up to five years and/or a fine of as much as $15,000. If there is a prior conviction for this offense an offender may be sentenced to ten years in prison and fined as much as $30,000. Additionally, there is a provision, allegedly aimed at professional criminals, which makes it probable to inflict a minimum sentence of ten years and a maximum of life on a person, convicted of a drug offense, who is engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise. (Alex Kreit, 2003)Most state legislation makes distribution, including gifts, punishable as a felony and the felony is often high degree, involving the possibility of a long prison term. Most states define cannabis as a narcotic; the possible punishments for distribution are usually identical with those that apply to the distribution of opiates and cocaine. In fact the degree of permissible punishment for a single small distribution of marijuana is so high in some states that it may approximate those provided for such crimes against person or property as unaggravated robbery, larceny, arson, kidnapping, unaggravated forcible rape, or even, in the state of California, second degree murder.A conservative estimate is that one-third of the California population between the ages of 16 and 29 have committed the very serious crime of using marijuana and thereby exposed themselves to the possibility of arrest, a felony conviction, and imprisonment. And both the percentage and the age-range are rising each year. As it is most unhealthy for a society to turn a large percentage of its young people into felons or even define them as such. The young, occasional user of marijuana may have a good deal of trouble adjusting to the official local and federal police view of him as a criminal liable to the most severe punishments, whether fines, imprisonment, or both, of the state or federal government. It is far from unreasonable to suppose that he will f eel genuine resentment toward what he feels increasingly forced to view as the other side of the law, and that he will see the police less as protectors of rights and property and more as intruders and spies. It is conceivable that this attitude shift might lead to further, more dangerous criminal activity for if one is already branded a criminal and lives under the threat of a heavy jail sentence and/or fines, what essential difference can it possibly make if one commits another crime for which the sentence is less Many young marijuana users employ this particular argument.New social norms are increasingly and dramatically colliding with older statutory proscriptions. The legal institution cannot remain insensitive to these changes without incurring damage to itself. But, of course, courts lack the flexibility and prerogatives to provide solutions to social problems; ultimately it is the legislatures which can experiment, improvise, change direction, and even reverse field when ne cessary. In fact, just because a court has so few alternatives, it exercises great caution: a court may strike down a statute as unconstitutional, but in doing so it may leave a major social problem without an adequate solution. (John P. Hoffmann, 1994).As it becomes increasingly accepted that enforcement of the existing marijuana laws is more costly and dangerous than is use of the drug itself, at least as it is used at present in the United States, enforcement will become increasingly difficult. There is every indication that a great number of people are ignoring these laws now and that even more will be doing so in the future. It is not simply that more people are using marijuana, but larger numbers of people who are older are also smoking it. The number of people breaking these laws even now is so great that if a substantial fraction of them were arrested, the courts would be overwhelmed with the volume. One can predict that it will not be long before it will be a rare jury that does not have among its members at least one who uses marijuana, is convinced of its relative harmlessness, and will find it difficult to be a party to the conviction of someone else who uses the drug. In the absence of any statutory changes, what may happen is that law enforcement officials faced with increasing numbers of violators and shrinking numbers of convictions will arrive at a point where they decide that any efforts to enforce the laws as written are futile and that the only realistic approach to the widespread use of marijuana will be systematically to ignore it.Something of this nature recently happened in the Netherlands, where the government has been moving toward the position that at least in the case of marijuana it is more sensible for a society to live with it than to fight its use. Officially marijuana remains outside the law, but even high law enforcement officials acknowledge that this is so because the Netherlands (like the United States) is party to the Sing le Convention governing traffic in drugs. Compared to the furtiveness and police action associated with drug usage in the United States, the Dutch laissez-faire attitude toward marijuana is striking, and nowhere is it more obvious than in two psychedelically lit, government-subsidized youth clubs, Paradiso and Fantasio, in downtown Amsterdam. In each of these clubs as many as 1,000 young people 16 years old and over can be found on any night, many of them smoking marijuana while pushers openly ply their trade, offering potential customers free samples. The police are fully aware of the activities and transactions that go on inside but make no effort to interfere. The clubs managers and staff are alert to the use and sales of harder drugs and eject those so involved.In view of the present public attitudes toward smoking marijuana in the United States, it seems unlikely that legislatures are going to legalize the use of marijuana in the near future. It is likely, then, that this same type of widespread ignoring of the antimarijuana laws will very shortly come to pass. But the laissezfaire approach is no solution. It is mere transitory accommodation with a number of liabilities. First, one must expect that while such an accommodation may become widespread, it will nonetheless remain capricious. Second, since the present laws will presumably still exist, the user, while he may not be pursued, will still be labeled a criminal; and third, such an approach provides no way of imposing any degree of quality control upon distribution.A more rational approach to the problem of the smoking of marijuana in the United States would include legalization of the use of marijuana, regulation of its distribution, and the development of sound educational programs about it. (Xueyan Zhao, Mark N. Harris, 2004).By legalization is meant the freedom for people above a certain age, say 18, to use marijuana (bhang) of a predetermined potency. The penalties associated with its use, as wit h alcohol, would deal with those circumstances wherein the user endangers the lives or well-being of others, as, for example, in operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated. Such legalization would immediately put an end to the costs and harmfulness of the present legal approach. It has to be assumed that the legalization of marijuana would result in more widespread use. However, since at the present time the use is increasing explosively, it is at least conceivable that the prevalence of its use will reach roughly the same level sometime in the not too distant future with or without legalization. Furthermore, there is even a possibility that for some groups legalization will mean less use; those young people whose use is largely determined by a need to oppose hypocrisy and the establishment may feel less compelled to smoke pot when it is freely available. And very young people, those for whom its use may be the most harmful, may be more willing to forego its use now with the unders tanding that they will be able to use it when they reach age 18, just as most of them do not surreptitiously and illegally drive automobiles at a younger age perhaps largely because they know that when they reach 16 they will, with certain restrictions, be able to drive legally. This will by no means bring an end to the use of marijuana among high school and junior high school students, but it is more likely to have a dampening than an accelerating effect on use in this age group.In this proposed approach the distribution of marijuana is regulated much as that of alcohol is now. The use of cannabis products is generally less dangerous than the use of either tobacco or alcohol, and the use of marijuana, as it is commonly smoked in this country, is the least harmful of all. The regulations controlling the distribution of cannabis would limit it to marijuana (bhang), of, say, 1.5-percent tetrahydrocannabinol potency. This would do much to insure the continued use of the milder form thr ough smoking, rather than through the ingestion of more powerful forms such as hashish (charas). Just as, with the easy availability of liquors of limited potencies, people do not generally seek out pure ethanol, so it is expected that with the unfettered availability of marijuana, few would seek out hashish. Another important advantage of regulation is that the consumer could be certain not only that he is getting unadulterated marijuana, but also that it is of potency familiar to him. Thus, there would be no danger of marijuana laced with other drugs. The risk of attaining more of a high through autotitration than the user desires or is prepared for would be minimized if the available product were of a more or less uniform, predictable potency. The risk of the kinds of reactions resulting from large amounts of ingested hashish, would be all but impossible under these circumstances.If this type of approach is to have any effectiveness in stemming the push toward the use of hallucin ogens, amphetamines, and narcotics, it must be accompanied by honest educational programs. To date, such approaches have tended to lump marijuana with the hallucinogens or, even more inappropriately, with the true medical narcotics. The law as it presently stands reinforces this when it provides stiffer penalties for the use of marijuana than it does for LSD. Young people who have learned for themselves that marijuana is not very harmful then regrettably tend to treat with skepticism information from the same sources about the dangers of other drugs and are more likely to experiment with them. The present laws put the drug educator in a difficult position. He can discuss honestly the dangers of LSD, amphetamines, and heroin. But when he talks about marijuana, and particularly when he is asked about its dangers relative to those of alcohol, he can either be less than candid and risk losing credibility with regard to the other drugs, or he can acknowledge that except for the risk of g etting caught, there is little reason on the whole to believe that marijuana as it is used now in the United States is more dangerous than alcohol. If he admits this lack of negative evidence regarding marijuana, he risks being accused by the community (or the school authorities) of encouraging the use of marijuana and thereby criminal behavior. If he tells the students candidly of the relative dangers of marijuana, LSD, amphetamines, and heroin, and he tells them what the penalties are for the use of these, he risks being interpreted as mocking the law. When the use of marijuana is legalized, it will be possible for the drug educator to have more credibility among the young people than he now can have.However, if he is to be credible for an audience which seems particularly sensitive to breaches of integrity, he must be scrupulously objective about the material he presents. A case in point is an advertisement sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health which appeared in se veral campus newspapers in November 1969. It showed the picture of a man and bore the title Happy Twenty-First Birthday, Johnny. The ad read, most people take him for about 35. Then came a few paragraphs of a reasonable description of the dangers of using amphetamines, followed by an invitation to write for free drug booklets to the National Institute of Mental Health. On January 6, 1970, two months later, the Harvard Crimson, one of the papers which had published the ad, also published a letter from the man who had posed for the picture, thanking the paper for belatedly recognizing his twenty first birthday: I was touched and proud to find your paper commemorating my twenty-first birthday. . . . I guess it just slipped by nine years ago when it happened, and I was a Junior [at Harvard]. But thats all right, I know how busy you are up there, getting out a paper every day, and all. (Denise B. Kandel, 2002).Not only was he in fact thirty years old, he was made up to look even older in the photograph. Needless to say, the student readers treated the incident with derision, and one wonders how seriously they will now consider the reasonably objective information offered in the advertisement. For that matter, one doubts the credibility as a source of drug information that they will grant to the National Institute of Mental Health. There is some evidence that students will respond rationally to credible sources of objective evidence concerning the dangers of various drugs. And there is every reason to believe that deceitfulness in drug education will in the long run be counterproductive. (Robert W. Winslow, 1972).Most people in the United States, at least today, believe that to legalize the use of marijuana would be to invite national tragedy. Among them are those whose attitudes toward the use of this intoxicant are so emotionally over determined that they would remain unpersuaded by any amount of evidence of its relative harmlessness or by the most compelling ar guments for the sagacity of legalization. Others, who are willing to consider the possibility, believe as they have heard countless times that not enough is known about the drug to make such a change which seems to them precipitous and premature. It is quite true that among the hundreds and hundreds of papers dealing with cannabis, there is relatively little methodologically sound research. Yet out of vast collection of largely unsystematic recordings emerges a very strong impression that no amount of research is likely to prove that cannabis is as dangerous as alcohol and tobacco. The very serious dangers of tobacco, particularly to the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, are becoming increasingly well known. Alcohol, on the other hand, is generally considered to be a serious danger for only a minority of people in this country, namely the alcoholics, who are conservatively estimated to number about 5 to 6 million. Another minority group, the alcohol abstainers, is actually con sidered by most people to be somewhat deviant. We read in the newspapers of how upper-middle-class parents support and even encourage alcohol use among their teenage children, of how a session of Congress began with cocktails, and, more recently of the exchange between Apollo astronauts and a television comedian, well known for his use of alcohol, during which he gleefully exclaimed that he was higher than they. So-called social drinking is as American as apple pie this despite the clearly demonstrated dangers of even this kind of drinking. It is a curious fact that the only socially accepted and used drugs known to cause tissue damage (alcohol and tobacco) are the ones whose use Western society sanctions. It is reasonably well established that cannabis causes no tissue damage.There is no evidence that it leads to any cellular damage to any organ. It does not lead to psychoses de novo, and the evidence that it promotes personality deterioration is quite unconvincing, particularly i n the forms and dosage used in the United States today. Although it is clear that much more must and will be learned about the derivatives of this fascinating psychoactive plant, it is not so clear what specifically needs yet to be learned before we are ready to embark on a more reasoned approach to the social use of marijuana. Given the fact that large segments of any population will use psychoactive drugs and given the psychoactive drugs presently available, marijuana is among the least dangerous. A fortiori, we must consider the enormous harm, obvious and subtle, short-range and long-term, inflicted on the people, particularly the young, who constitute or will soon constitute the formative and critical members of our society by the present punitive, repressive approach to the use of marijuana. And we must consider the damage inflicted on legal and other institutions when young people react to what they see as a confirmation of their view that those institutions are hypocritical a nd inequitable. Indeed, the greatest potential for social harm lies in the scarring of so many young people and the reactive, institutional damages that are direct products of present marijuana laws. Thus to avoid having this harm reach the proportions of a real national disaster within the next decade, there is a need to make the social use of marijuana legal. (Nancy Como-Lesko, Louis H. Primavera, Philip R. Szeszko, 1994).